Which of the following is the primary function of B cells during antibody-mediated immunity?
Directly attacking and killing infected cells.
Producing antibodies against pathogens.
Regulating the immune response to prevent excessive inflammation.
Recognizing antigens presented by macrophages.
The Correct Answer is B
Explanation: B cells are specialized in producing antibodies against specific antigens. When B cells encounter a pathogen or foreign substance with a matching antigen, they become activated and differentiate into plasma cells. Plasma cells then secrete large amounts of antibodies, which can recognize and neutralize the pathogen.
Incorrect choices:
a. B cells do not directly attack and kill infected cells. That role is primarily performed by cytotoxic T cells during cell-mediated immunity.
c. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are responsible for regulating the immune response to prevent excessive inflammation and maintain immune homeostasis.
d. B cells recognize antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells like macrophages, but their primary function is to produce antibodies, not to recognize antigens directly.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Explanation: B cells are a type of lymphocyte that plays a central role in the adaptive immune response. When activated by the presence of specific antigens, B cells differentiate into plasma cells, which are responsible for producing large quantities of antibodies that can target and neutralize the invading pathogen.
Incorrect choices:
a. T cells are another type of lymphocyte that is involved in cell-mediated immunity, where they directly attack infected or abnormal cells. They do not produce antibodies.
b. Natural killer cells are part of the innate immune system and are responsible for killing infected or cancerous cells. They are not involved in antibody production.
d. Macrophages are phagocytic cells that engulf and destroy pathogens and debris in the body. While they play a crucial role in immune responses, they do not produce antibodies.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Explanation: Antigen recognition during the immune response occurs when antigens bind to specific receptors on immune cells, such as B cell receptors, T cell receptors, or antibodies. This binding is a critical step that triggers the activation of the immune response against the invading pathogen or foreign substance.
Incorrect choices:
a. Activation of regulatory T cells is important for controlling and regulating the immune response but is not directly related to the antigen recognition process.
b. Production of histamines by mast cells is involved in the inflammatory response, but it is not a direct step in the antigen recognition process.
d. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell involved in the innate immune response. They do not release antibodies, as that function is primarily carried out by B cells and plasma cells.
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