How do B cells recognize antigens during the immune response?
By engulfing and processing pathogens.
By producing cytokines to activate immune cells.
By secreting antibodies that bind to specific antigens.
By directly attacking and killing infected cells.
The Correct Answer is C
Explanation: B cells recognize antigens by producing specific receptors on their cell surface, known as antibodies or immunoglobulins. When a B cell encounters an antigen that matches its specific antibody, it binds to the antigen, marking it for destruction or neutralization by other immune cells.
Incorrect choices:
a. Engulfing and processing pathogens is the role of antigen-presenting cells like macrophages and dendritic cells. These cells present processed antigens to other immune cells, including B cells, to trigger an immune response.
b. Cytokines are small proteins that serve as signaling molecules in the immune system. They are produced by various immune cells to regulate immune responses, but they are not directly involved in antigen recognition by B cells.
d. Directly attacking and killing infected cells is the role of cytotoxic T cells during cell-mediated immunity, not B cells during the humoral immune response.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Explanation: Antigens are unique molecules or proteins present on the surface of cells, including pathogens. The immune system can recognize these antigens as "non-self" and mount an immune response to eliminate them while sparing the body's own cells, which display different antigens that are recognized as "self."
Incorrect choices:
b. Recognizing different blood types is relevant for blood transfusions but not a primary mechanism of distinguishing self from non-self by the immune system.
c. Monitoring hormone levels in the body is not directly related to the immune system's ability to distinguish between self and non-self.
d. Cytokines are signaling molecules released by immune cells to regulate the immune response but are not the primary means of distinguishing self from non-self.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Explanation: B cells are a type of lymphocyte that produces antibodies against specific antigens. When a B cell encounters an antigen that matches its specific receptor, it becomes activated and differentiates into plasma cells, which are responsible for producing large quantities of antibodies that can target and neutralize the antigen.
Incorrect choices:
b. T cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity and do not produce antibodies. They recognize and directly attack infected or abnormal cells in the body.
c. Macrophages are antigen-presenting cells that engulf and process pathogens to present their antigens to other immune cells. They do not produce antibodies themselves but play a role in initiating the immune response.
d. Natural killer cells are a type of lymphocyte involved in the innate immune response. They do not produce antibodies but can directly kill infected or abnormal cells.
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