Which of the following types of immunity is acquired through vaccination or exposure to a specific pathogen?
Innate immunity
Active immunity
Passive immunity
Natural immunity
The Correct Answer is B
Explanation: Active immunity is acquired when the body's immune system is exposed to a specific pathogen or antigen, either through vaccination or natural infection. In response, the immune system produces its antibodies to protect against future encounters with the same pathogen.
Incorrect choices:
a. Innate immunity is the first line of defense against infections and is present at birth. It includes physical barriers, such as the skin and mucous membranes, and non-specific immune responses that do not require prior exposure to a specific pathogen.
c. Passive immunity is the transfer of pre-formed antibodies from one individual to another, providing immediate, temporary protection. This can occur naturally, such as the transfer of antibodies from a mother to her baby during breastfeeding, or through the administration of pre-formed antibodies, as in certain medical treatments.
d. Natural immunity refers to the immunity that is acquired through natural exposure to a pathogen and the subsequent development of an immune response. This includes both active immunity from natural infection and passive immunity from maternal antibodies passed to the baby during childbirth or breastfeeding.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Correct answer: C
A.B cells are part of the adaptive immune system and are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity. They do not directly attack and kill infected cells. Instead, B cells produce antibodies that can recognize and neutralize pathogens or foreign substances.
b. B cells are involved in antibody-mediated immunity, not cell-mediated immunity. They produce antibodies that circulate in the bloodstream and bind to antigens on pathogens, marking them for destruction by other immune cells.
c. B cells are crucial for recognizing "foreign" molecules (antigens) on pathogens and producing antibodies that can bind to those antigens. Macrophages engulf pathogens and present fragments (antigens) of them on their surface, allowing B cells to identify and target the specific pathogen.
d. Phagocytosis of pathogens is mainly carried out by macrophages and neutrophils, not B cells.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Explanation: Recognizing and responding to specific antigens. T cells are a type of lymphocyte that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They recognize and respond to specific antigens presented by infected or abnormal cells, leading to their destruction.
Incorrect choices:
a. T cells are not responsible for the production of antibodies, but that is the role of B cells in the humoral immune response.
b. While T cells are involved in directly attacking and destroying infected cells, their main function is to recognize specific antigens rather than directly attacking pathogens.
c. Marking pathogens for destruction by phagocytes is primarily a function of antibodies and complement proteins, not T cells.
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