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Which of the following types of immunity is acquired through vaccination or exposure to a specific pathogen?

A.

Innate immunity

B.

Active immunity

C.

Passive immunity

D.

Natural immunity

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Explanation: Active immunity is acquired when the body's immune system is exposed to a specific pathogen or antigen, either through vaccination or natural infection. In response, the immune system produces its antibodies to protect against future encounters with the same pathogen.

Incorrect choices:

a. Innate immunity is the first line of defense against infections and is present at birth. It includes physical barriers, such as the skin and mucous membranes, and non-specific immune responses that do not require prior exposure to a specific pathogen.

c. Passive immunity is the transfer of pre-formed antibodies from one individual to another, providing immediate, temporary protection. This can occur naturally, such as the transfer of antibodies from a mother to her baby during breastfeeding, or through the administration of pre-formed antibodies, as in certain medical treatments.

d. Natural immunity refers to the immunity that is acquired through natural exposure to a pathogen and the subsequent development of an immune response. This includes both active immunity from natural infection and passive immunity from maternal antibodies passed to the baby during childbirth or breastfeeding.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Explanation: The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is recommended for older adults to protect against pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. The influenza vaccine is recommended annually for people of all ages to prevent the flu.

Incorrect choices:

a. The hepatitis B vaccine is not specifically recommended for older adults to prevent pneumonia.

b. The influenza vaccine protects against the flu, not pneumonia.

d. The HPV vaccine is recommended for adolescents and young adults, not older adults, and does not protect against pneumonia.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Explanation: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium (lining of the membranes that surround the joints), causing inflammation, pain, and joint damage.

Incorrect choices:

a. Allergic rhinitis is an allergic response to airborne allergens, such as pollen or pet dander, not an autoimmune disorder.

c. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, and it primarily affects the small intestine.

d. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.

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