Which of the following types of immunity is acquired through vaccination or exposure to a specific pathogen?
Innate immunity
Active immunity
Passive immunity
Natural immunity
The Correct Answer is B
Explanation: Active immunity is acquired when the body's immune system is exposed to a specific pathogen or antigen, either through vaccination or natural infection. In response, the immune system produces its antibodies to protect against future encounters with the same pathogen.
Incorrect choices:
a. Innate immunity is the first line of defense against infections and is present at birth. It includes physical barriers, such as the skin and mucous membranes, and non-specific immune responses that do not require prior exposure to a specific pathogen.
c. Passive immunity is the transfer of pre-formed antibodies from one individual to another, providing immediate, temporary protection. This can occur naturally, such as the transfer of antibodies from a mother to her baby during breastfeeding, or through the administration of pre-formed antibodies, as in certain medical treatments.
d. Natural immunity refers to the immunity that is acquired through natural exposure to a pathogen and the subsequent development of an immune response. This includes both active immunity from natural infection and passive immunity from maternal antibodies passed to the baby during childbirth or breastfeeding.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Explanation: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks the myelin sheath, the protective covering of nerve fibers in the central nervous system, leading to communication problems between the brain and the rest of the body.
Incorrect choices:
a. Rheumatoid arthritis primarily affects the joints, not the central nervous system.
b. Sjögren's syndrome primarily affects the salivary and lacrimal glands, not the central nervous system.
d. Crohn's disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the gastrointestinal tract, not the central nervous system.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Explanation: Helper T cells (CD4+ T cells) play a critical role in the immune response by enhancing the activity of other immune cells. They secrete cytokines that stimulate B cells to produce antibodies, activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected cells, and promote the function of macrophages in phagocytosis. Helper T cells are essential for coordinating and regulating the immune response.
Incorrect choices:
a. Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ T cells) are responsible for directly attacking and killing infected cells, not enhancing the activity of other immune cells.
b. Memory T cells are formed after the immune system encounters an antigen and are not directly involved in enhancing immune cell activity.
d. Suppressor T cells (regulatory T cells) are involved in down-regulating the immune response to prevent excessive inflammation and tissue damage, not in enhancing immune cell activity.
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