Which of the following medications are used to treat and prevent strokes?

Choice A: Referral to counselor, social worker, home health care, support groups is correct because it can help the patient cope with the emotional, social, and practical aspects of living with a brain tumor. It can also provide information, resources, and assistance to the patient and their caregivers.

Choice B: Presence of family, friends, spiritual advisor, and health care personnel may be supportive is correct because it can provide comfort, companionship, and guidance to the patient. It can also help the patient express their feelings, needs, and preferences.

Choice C: Encourage independence for as long as possible is correct because it can enhance the patient's self-esteem, dignity, and quality of life. It can also help the patient maintain their physical and mental abilities and prevent complications such as depression, anxiety, or immobility.

Choice D: All of the above are correct because they are part of the holistic nursing care for the patient with nervous system metastases or primary brain tumor. They can address the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs of the patient and their family.

Choice A: Altered level of consciousness is not a sign/symptom of cerebral spinal fluid leakage, but rather a sign/symptom of increased intracranial pressure or brain injury.

Choice B: Painful headache is not a sign/symptom of cerebral spinal fluid leakage, but rather a sign/symptom of meningitis or sinusitis.

Choice C: Salty taste in their mouth, postnasal drip or clear fluid draining from the nose is a sign/symptom of cerebral spinal fluid leakage, as it indicates that the fluid is escaping from the brain or spinal cord through a tear or hole in the meninges or skull.

Choice D: All of the above is not correct, as only choice C is a sign/symptom of cerebral spinal fluid leakage.