Which of the following medications is most likely to cause a dry cough as a side effect?

Hydrochlorothiazide

Aspirin

Ramipril

Metoprolol

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Hydrochlorothiazide: This thiazide diuretic is primarily associated with electrolyte imbalances and increased urination. It does not commonly cause a dry cough.

B. Aspirin: Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that can cause gastrointestinal irritation, bleeding, or hypersensitivity reactions, but a dry cough is not a typical side effect.

C. Ramipril: ACE inhibitors like ramipril are well known to cause a persistent dry cough due to accumulation of bradykinin in the respiratory tract. This is a common adverse effect and often leads to discontinuation of the medication.

D. Metoprolol: As a beta-blocker, metoprolol can cause bradycardia, hypotension, or fatigue, but it rarely causes a cough. It is not associated with the respiratory side effects seen with ACE inhibitors.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. The provider must renew a restraint prescription every 8 hr: For adult clients, restraint prescriptions must be renewed every 24 hours, not 8. More frequent review is required in certain populations, such as children.

B. The client must understand the need for the restraints: While it is important to explain restraints to clients when possible, understanding is not a criterion for their application. Clients who are confused or agitated may not comprehend the explanation but may still require restraints for safety.

C. The nurse has already considered alternatives to restraints: Restraints should only be used as a last resort after less restrictive measures, such as reorientation, diversional activities, or closer observation, have been tried and found ineffective.

D. The restraints should promote the client's safety and prevent injuries: While safety is the overall goal, this is a general principle rather than a specific criterion for use. The actual requirement is that all other alternatives are exhausted before restraints are applied.

A. Sodium 140 mEq/L B. BUN 55 mg/dL C. Glucose 120 mg/dL D. Potassium 4.5 mEq/L

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Sodium 140 mEq/L: This value is within the normal reference range (135–145 mEq/L). Sodium balance is important to monitor with many medications, but this finding does not pose a contraindication to initiating amphotericin B.

B. BUN 55 mg/dL: This value is significantly elevated above the normal range (10–20 mg/dL). Amphotericin B is nephrotoxic, and impaired renal function increases the risk of severe kidney injury. This abnormal result must be reported before administering the drug.

C. Glucose 120 mg/dL: Although slightly above fasting normal levels, this value is not dangerously high and does not impact the safe initiation of amphotericin B. Glucose is not a critical concern in relation to this antifungal medication.

D. Potassium 4.5 mEq/L: This value is within the normal range (3.5–5.0 mEq/L). While amphotericin B can cause hypokalemia, a normal potassium level at baseline does not require withholding the drug.

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Which of the following medications is most likely to cause a dry cough as a side effect?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing an in-service presentation for a group of newly licensed nurses about the use of restraints. Which of the following should the nurse include as a criterion for applying restraints?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has a fungal infection and has a new prescription for amphotericin B. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse report to the provider before initiating the medication?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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