Which of the following occurs during an adaptive immune response?
Phagocytosis
Production of antibodies
Production of interferon
Production of defensins
The Correct Answer is B
A. Phagocytosis: phagocytosis is mainly an innate immune function (macrophages, neutrophils) though phagocytes can interact with adaptive immunity.
B. Production of antibodies: antibody production by plasma cells (B-cell derived) is a hallmark of the adaptive immune response.
C. Production of interferon: interferons are part of innate antiviral defenses and are produced early by infected cells and immune cells.
D. Production of defensins: defensins are innate antimicrobial peptides produced by epithelial cells and neutrophils, not a specific adaptive response.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. In the lungs -Control centers are in the brainstem, not lungs.
B. In the pons -The pons houses the pneumotaxic and apneustic centers.
C. In the midbrain -The midbrain controls reflexes, not primary breathing rhythm.
D. In the medulla oblongata -The VRG in the medulla generates the basic breathing rhythm.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Precipitation: precipitation refers to antigen–antibody complexes forming an insoluble precipitate from soluble antigens, not clumping of whole cells.
B. Agglutination: agglutination is the clumping of cells (like RBCs) when antibodies bind surface antigens, which is what happens in an incompatible transfusion.
C. Chemotaxis: chemotaxis is directed movement of leukocytes toward chemical signals, not antibody-mediated clumping.
D. Opsonization: opsonization is coating a pathogen or cell with molecules (e.g., antibodies, complement) to enhance phagocytosis, not the visible clumping seen in agglutination.
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