Jamal receives a blood transfusion of the wrong blood type. Antibodies in Jamal's plasma will bind to antigens on the donor red blood cells and cause clumping of the cells. This reaction is called
precipitation
agglutination
chemotaxis
opsonization
The Correct Answer is B
A. Precipitation: precipitation refers to antigen–antibody complexes forming an insoluble precipitate from soluble antigens, not clumping of whole cells.
B. Agglutination: agglutination is the clumping of cells (like RBCs) when antibodies bind surface antigens, which is what happens in an incompatible transfusion.
C. Chemotaxis: chemotaxis is directed movement of leukocytes toward chemical signals, not antibody-mediated clumping.
D. Opsonization: opsonization is coating a pathogen or cell with molecules (e.g., antibodies, complement) to enhance phagocytosis, not the visible clumping seen in agglutination.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Right lymphatic duct: the right lymphatic duct drains only the right upper quadrant (right head/neck, right arm, right thorax), not the majority of the body.
B. Jugular trunk: the jugular trunk drains head/neck regions; it does not itself drain the majority of the body.
C. Subclavian trunk: the subclavian trunk drains upper limbs; it is a trunk, not the single duct that collects most lymph from the body.
D. Thoracic duct: the thoracic duct collects lymph from the lower body, abdomen, left thorax, left head/neck, and left arm (the majority of the body) and empties into the left subclavian vein.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Tunica media: Middle layer made of smooth muscle and elastic fibers; not the innermost layer.
B. Tunica externa: Outermost connective-tissue layer (adventitia) that contains collagen and sometimes vasa vasorum; not the innermost.
C. Endothelium: The simple squamous cell lining that forms the innermost surface (part of the tunica intima).
D. Vasa vasorum: Small blood vessels that supply the walls of large vessels, located in the outer layers; not the innermost.
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