Which of the following therapies is time-limited, focused on the present, and is effective for adults and adolescents?
Humanistic or person-centered therapy
Interpersonal therapy
Existential therapy
Cognitive behavioral therapy
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Humanistic or person-centered therapy emphasizes empathy, unconditional positive regard, and self-actualization. It is typically non-directive and open-ended, focusing on the client’s subjective experience rather than structured goals or time limits. It is not primarily focused on present-day functioning or symptom relief.
Choice B reason: Interpersonal therapy is time-limited and focuses on interpersonal relationships and social functioning, particularly in the context of depression. While it is effective and present-focused, it is more narrowly targeted than cognitive behavioral therapy and less commonly used across a broad range of disorders.
Choice C reason: Existential therapy explores philosophical questions about meaning, freedom, and isolation. It is not time-limited and tends to be abstract and introspective, making it less structured and less focused on immediate symptom relief.
Choice D reason: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a structured, time-limited therapy that focuses on identifying and changing maladaptive thoughts and behaviors. It is highly effective for both adults and adolescents and is widely used for anxiety, depression, phobias, and other disorders. CBT emphasizes present-focused strategies and measurable outcomes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: This describes empathy from the nurse practitioner, which is a normal and therapeutic response. It does not reflect transference, which originates from the patient.
Choice B reason: This is a classic example of transference, where the patient projects feelings or associations from a past relationship (with her sister) onto the therapist. It affects the therapeutic dynamic and may influence the patient’s responses and expectations.
Choice C reason: This describes countertransference, where the clinician develops personal emotional involvement with the patient. It is not transference.
Choice D reason: While this may reflect resistance or frustration, it does not clearly indicate transference. Transference involves displacement of feelings from past relationships onto the therapist.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Freud's psychosexual stages do not include a "urethral" stage. Freud's theory includes oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital stages. The urethral phase is sometimes referenced in psychoanalytic literature but is not part of Freud's core developmental model. It does not pertain to cognitive concepts like reversibility or conservation.
Choice B reason: Piaget's concrete operational stage spans ages 7 to 11 and is characterized by the development of logical thinking about concrete events. During this stage, children begin to understand the concepts of conservation (the idea that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or appearance) and reversibility (the ability to mentally reverse actions). These cognitive abilities are hallmarks of this developmental phase.
Choice C reason: Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage occurs between ages 3 and 6 and focuses on the development of initiative through play and social interaction. While important for emotional and social development, it does not encompass the cognitive milestones of conservation and reversibility.
Choice D reason: Bowlby's clear-cut attachment phase refers to a period in infancy (around 6 to 24 months) when children show strong attachment behaviors toward primary caregivers. This stage is related to emotional bonding and attachment, not cognitive development.
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