Which patient does the LPN/LVN identify at high risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia?

A 35-year-old patient using the incentive spirometer following abdominal surgery

A 55-year-old patient who is eating in the chair following a rhinoplasty

A 40-year-old patient who refuses to cough and deep breath following a splenectomy

A24-year-old patient ambulating in the hall following an appendectomy

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

C. This patient is at high risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia. After a splenectomy (removal of the spleen), patients may experience pain and discomfort, which can make them reluctant to perform necessary activities like coughing and deep breathing. These activities are crucial for preventing lung complications such as atelectasis and pneumonia.
A. This patient is actively using an incentive spirometer, which is a device that encourages deep breathing and helps keep the lungs clear. This practice significantly reduces the risk of developing pneumonia by preventing atelectasis (collapse of part of the lung) and promoting lung expansion.

B. This patient is out of bed and eating, which indicates they are relatively mobile and maintaining normal respiratory function. Rhinoplasty, a surgical procedure on the nose, generally does not impair lung function or significantly increase the risk of pneumonia. Being active and upright further reduces the risk of HAP.
D. This patient is actively ambulating, which is highly beneficial for lung function and overall recovery. Walking and moving around helps to prevent respiratory complications, including pneumonia, by promoting lung expansion and circulation.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Diabetes can lead to damage of blood vessels throughout the body, both large and small. Complications can affect various organs and systems, including the heart, kidneys, eyes, and nerves. Damage to both large vessels (macrovascular complications) and tiny vessels (microvascular complications) contributes to the diverse range of complications associated with diabetes.
B. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes increase the risk of long-term complications, but the specific risks and patterns of complications may differ between the two types. While individuals with type 1 diabetes may face challenges in achieving tight glycemic control due to the complete absence of endogenous insulin production, tight control can significantly reduce the risk of complications in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
C. Lower HbA1c levels indicate better overall glycemic control and are associated with reduced risk of long-term complications. However, achieving tight glycemic control should be balanced with the risk of hypoglycemia and individual patient factors.
D. Hypoglycemia can also lead to increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in individuals with diabetes. Therefore, it is important to balance glycemic control to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia while also reducing the risk of hyperglycemia-related complications.

A. "Eating spicy foods" B. "A stressful life" C. "Excessive caffeine intake" D. "A bacterial infection"

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

D. The primary cause of peptic ulcer disease is infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria. H. pylori infection is associated with the majority of peptic ulcers, particularly those in the stomach. This bacterium weakens the protective mucous lining of the stomach and duodenum, allowing stomach acid to damage the underlying tissue and form ulcers.

A. Spicy foods can exacerbate symptoms in some individuals with peptic ulcer disease but they are not a primary cause of the condition. Spicy foods can irritate the lining of the stomach or duodenum, potentially worsening symptoms, but they do not directly cause ulcers.
B. Stress was once thought to be a major factor in the development of peptic ulcers, but research has shown that while stress may aggravate symptoms, it is not a primary cause of peptic ulcer disease.
C. Excessive caffeine intake was also previously believed to be a major cause of peptic ulcer disease, but this is not entirely accurate. While caffeine can stimulate gastric acid secretion, leading to increased acidity in the stomach, it is not a primary cause of peptic ulcers.

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Which patient does the LPN/LVN identify at high risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is preparing to teach about the long-term complications for patients diagnosed with diabetes. Which finding is accurate?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

After reinforcing teaching on peptic ulcer disease, the nurse evaluates the patient as understanding the education if the patient states which of the following is a primary cause of peptic ulcer disease?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

What type of cells secrete glucagon?

Your client has told you that they have been experiencing intermittent upper abdominal pain about 3 hours after eating and at times will even be awaken in the middle of the night by this pain. You suspect that your client may have which type of peptic ulcer?

Which client would the nurse identify as high risk for developing aspiration pneumonia?

A 33-year-old patient has pneumonia. When the nurse assesses this patient, which of the following data will receive the highest priority?

After change of shift, the nurse has the following patients on her assignment. Which one should she see first?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) about minimizing the effects of reflux during sleep. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Gas exchange occurs in which of the following structures?