Which patient may require a higher-than-expected dose of an opioid analgesic?
A patient 3 days after surgery.
A patient with cancer.
A patient with hypotension.
A patient with a concussion.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
A patient 3 days after surgery may still require higher doses of opioids for pain management, but the duration and intensity of postoperative pain typically decrease over time. This patient may not necessarily require a higher-than-expected dose compared to others.
Choice B rationale
Patients with cancer often experience severe and chronic pain due to the disease itself or its treatments. These patients may develop tolerance to opioids over time, necessitating higher-than-expected doses to achieve adequate pain relief.
Choice C rationale
Hypotension is a contraindication for high doses of opioids, as opioids can cause further blood pressure reduction. This patient would require careful dose adjustment to avoid exacerbating hypotension.
Choice D rationale
Patients with a concussion are at risk of altered mental status and respiratory depression from opioids. Therefore, higher doses are generally avoided to prevent worsening of these conditions.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Monitoring the weekly pulse is not sufficient for managing ventricular arrhythmias at home. Continuous or daily monitoring of vital parameters is more effective.
Choice B rationale
Monitoring daily fluid intake is essential for overall health but not directly related to the management of ventricular arrhythmias with propranolol (Inderal).
Choice C rationale
Daily blood pressure monitoring is crucial for patients on propranolol, as this medication can significantly lower blood pressure, and tracking it helps prevent hypotension.
Choice D rationale
Weekly weight monitoring is important for patients with heart conditions, but daily monitoring of blood pressure is more directly related to the management of ventricular arrhythmias with propranolol.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Cholinergic agonists primarily stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system rather than the central nervous system, affecting activities like digestion, salivation, and decreased heart rate.
Choice B rationale
Parasympathetic nervous system is the correct answer. Cholinergic agonists mimic acetylcholine and stimulate parasympathetic responses, promoting rest-and-digest functions such as reducing heart rate and enhancing glandular secretions.
Choice C rationale
The sympathetic nervous system is not stimulated by cholinergic agonists. Instead, this system is activated by adrenergic agonists, which prepare the body for fight-or-flight responses, increasing heart rate and blood pressure.
Choice D rationale
Voluntary nervous system control is not the primary target of cholinergic agonists. This system governs skeletal muscle movement and is influenced by neuromuscular junctions rather than the autonomic responses modulated by cholinergic drugs. .
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