Which prevention strategy occurs at the state level?

Choice A reason: Remaining in bed when unable to sleep can reinforce insomnia. Sleep hygiene guidelines recommend getting out of bed and engaging in a quiet activity until feeling sleepy again to avoid associating the bed with wakefulness.

Choice B reason: Drinking chamomile tea before bed is a recognized non-pharmacologic strategy to promote relaxation and improve sleep onset. Chamomile contains apigenin, a compound that binds to benzodiazepine receptors and has mild sedative effects.

Choice C reason: Exercising in the evening can increase alertness and body temperature, potentially interfering with sleep. Morning or early afternoon exercise is generally recommended to support circadian rhythm and sleep quality.

Choice D reason: Taking naps during the day, especially long or late naps, can disrupt nighttime sleep patterns and worsen insomnia. Sleep hygiene promotes consistent sleep-wake schedules and limiting daytime naps.

Choice A reason: Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and prompt intervention to halt or slow the progression of disease. Offering cholesterol screenings identifies individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease before symptoms appear, allowing for timely management through lifestyle changes or medication.

Choice B reason: Partnering with schools to provide healthy meals is a form of primary prevention. It aims to prevent the development of cardiovascular risk factors by promoting healthy eating habits in children.

Choice C reason: Launching a campaign to reduce sodium intake is also primary prevention. It targets the general population to reduce the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease before any clinical signs emerge.

Choice D reason: Installing walking and biking trails is an example of primordial prevention. It modifies the environment to encourage physical activity, thereby preventing the emergence of sedentary lifestyles and associated risk factors.