Which signs and symptoms would the nurse expect to find in the history of a patient that is going for a Nissen Fundoplication surgery?

A. Borborygmi refers to the audible sounds produced by the movement of gas and fluid in the intestines. This can occur in dumping syndrome due to increased intestinal motility and rapid gastric emptying, making this a present manifestation.
B. Nausea and vomiting can occur in dumping syndrome, particularly shortly after eating, due to the rapid movement of food into the small intestine, which can irritate the gut. Therefore, this is a present manifestation.
C. Dizziness can occur in dumping syndrome, often as a result of rapid shifts in blood volume and blood sugar levels after eating. This symptom can be attributed to the body's response to the sudden influx of food and fluid into the intestines, leading to symptoms like weakness and dizziness. Hence, this is a present manifestation.
D. Hypertension is not typically associated with dumping syndrome. In fact, many individuals may experience hypotension (low blood pressure) due to the rapid shift of fluid to the intestines, which can reduce circulating blood volume.

A. Living independently does not inherently increase the risk for C. difficile. Risk factors are more related to antibiotic use, exposure in healthcare settings, and individual health conditions rather than the living situation itself.
B. A weakened immune system (due to conditions like HIV/AIDS, cancer, or immunosuppressive therapy) can increase susceptibility to infections, including C. difficile. Individuals with compromised immunity are less able to fight off infections.
C. The use of antibiotics is a significant risk factor for C. difficile infection. Antibiotics can disrupt the normal gut flora, leading to overgrowth of C. difficile and subsequent infection.
D. While watery diarrhea is a common symptom of C. difficile infection, it is not a risk factor for developing the infection itself. Instead, it indicates that the infection is already present. Thus, this option does not contribute to the risk of developing C. difficile.
E. Fever is often a symptom of an underlying infection but is not a direct risk factor for developing C. difficile. It can occur with C. difficile infection but does not increase the likelihood of becoming infected.