Which statement by the student nurse indicates the need for further education regarding pain management in older adults? (Select all that apply).

“Older adults often fear becoming addicted to pain medications.”.

“Older adults often take numerous drugs which can cause interactions with pain medications.”.

“Confusion and delirium can be a more common reaction to certain pain medications in the elderly.”.

“Older adults tolerate the same dosage as do younger individuals.”.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : D

Older adults do not have a different pain mechanism and do not feel it as much as younger individuals. This statement is false and indicates the need for further education regarding pain management in older adults.

Some possible explanations for the other choices are:

Choice A is true because older adults often fear becoming addicted to pain medications and may underreport or deny their pain.

Choice B is true because older adults often take numerous drugs that can cause interactions with pain medications and increase the risk of adverse effects.

Choice C is true because confusion and delirium can be a more common reaction to certain pain medications in the elderly, especially opioids and benzodiazepines.

Normal ranges for vital signs in older adults are similar to those in younger adults, except for blood pressure, which may be higher due to arterial stiffness. The normal range for blood pressure in older adults is 120/80 to 140/90 mm Hg.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

This is because hepatitis C is a viral infection that spreads through contaminated blood and body fluids. IV drug use is one of the most common ways to get hepatitis C, especially if people share needles or other equipment.

Choice A is wrong because drinking contaminated water is not a risk factor for hepatitis

C. Hepatitis A and E are transmitted by the fecal-oral route, which can happen through contaminated water.

Choice B is wrong because eating raw chicken is not a risk factor for hepatitis C. Hepatitis E can be transmitted by eating undercooked meat from infected animals, but not chicken.

Choice D is wrong because unprotected intercourse is not a major risk factor for hepatitis

C. Hepatitis B and D are more likely to be transmitted by sexual contact than hepatitis

C. However, having multiple sexual partners or having sexually transmitted diseases can increase the risk of hepatitis

C. Normal ranges for hepatitis C tests depend on the type of test and the laboratory that performs it.

Some common tests are:

Anti-HCV antibody test: This test detects antibodies to the hepatitis C virus in the blood.

A positive result means that the person has been exposed to the virus, but does not necessarily mean that they have an active infection. A negative result means that the person has never been exposed to the virus or has cleared it from their body.

HCV RNA test: This test measures the amount of hepatitis C virus in the blood.

A positive result means that the person has an active infection and can transmit the virus to others. A negative result means that the person does not have an active infection or has cleared it from their body.

HCV genotype test: This test identifies the strain or type of hepatitis C virus that the person has. There are six major genotypes of hepatitis C, numbered 1 to 6, and each one may respond differently to treatment.

A. 84/50 mmHg. B. 120/77 mmHg. C. 148/88 mmHg. D. 160/90 mmHg.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

120/77 mmHg. This is because this blood pressure reading is within the normal range of less than 120/80 mmHg. Hypertension is defined as a blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or higher.

Choice A is wrong because 84/50 mmHg is too low and may indicate hypotension, which can cause dizziness, fainting, or shock.

Choice C is wrong because 148/88 mmHg is above the normal range and indicates prehypertension, which is a risk factor for developing hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

Choice D is wrong because 160/90 mmHg is above the normal range and indicates stage 1 hypertension, which requires treatment with lifestyle changes and medication.

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Which statement by the student nurse indicates the need for further education regarding pain management in older adults? (Select all that apply).

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client is diagnosed with hepatitis. C.Which client risk factor would be most related to this diagnosis?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client has been treated for hypertension. What blood pressure reading indicates to the nurse that the treatment is effective?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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