Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized?
slime layer
fimbriae
cell membrane
capsule
The Correct Answer is D
A. Slime layer: The slime layer is a loosely attached glycocalyx that helps bacteria adhere to surfaces and form biofilms, but it offers less protection against phagocytosis compared to a capsule.
B. Fimbriae: Fimbriae are hair-like appendages used mainly for attachment to host tissues or surfaces. They do not provide significant protection from immune cells attempting to engulf the bacteria.
C. Cell membrane: The cell membrane controls transport of substances in and out of the cell, but it does not serve as a protective barrier against phagocytosis by immune cells.
D. Capsule: The capsule is a thick, organized glycocalyx that shields bacteria from phagocytosis by preventing immune cells from recognizing and engulfing them, making it a major virulence factor.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Biosafety Level 1: BSL-1 is designated for microbes that pose minimal risk to humans and the environment. These organisms are non-pathogenic and can be safely handled with standard laboratory practices.
B. Biosafety Level 2: BSL-2 is used for organisms that pose moderate risk and may cause human disease, requiring additional precautions such as limited lab access and protective equipment.
C. Biosafety Level 3: BSL-3 applies to microbes that can cause serious or potentially lethal diseases via inhalation, requiring controlled access and specialized safety equipment.
D. Biosafety Level 4: BSL-4 is reserved for dangerous, exotic pathogens such as Ebola virus, which carry high risk of life-threatening disease and require maximum containment facilities.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
False: A buffer is defined by its ability to resist pH changes, not by holding the pH specifically at 7. Buffers can maintain stability at various pH levels, such as blood buffers at ~7.4 or gastric buffers at acidic ranges.
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