Which substance, when abused during pregnancy, is the most significant cause of cognitive impairment and dysfunction in the infant?

Heroin

Marijuana

Tobacco

Alcohol

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Heroin: Heroin use during pregnancy is associated with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), characterized by irritability, tremors, poor feeding, and withdrawal symptoms in the newborn. While heroin affects neonatal health significantly, it is not the leading cause of long-term cognitive impairment compared to alcohol.

B. Marijuana: Marijuana exposure in utero has been linked to attention, behavioral, and executive function issues later in childhood. However, the evidence is less definitive, and marijuana is not as strongly associated with severe cognitive deficits as alcohol.

C. Tobacco: Tobacco use during pregnancy increases the risk of low birth weight, preterm birth, and respiratory complications. While it may have some impact on neurodevelopment, it is not the most significant contributor to cognitive impairment in infants.

D. Alcohol: Alcohol is the most teratogenic substance abused during pregnancy and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disability and cognitive dysfunction in infants. It can result in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs), which include a range of severe cognitive, behavioral, and physical impairments. Even small amounts of alcohol can adversely affect fetal brain development.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

A. Take the newborn for a ride in the car: Some newborns are soothed by motion, and a ride in the car may help calm a fussy baby. This is a common and often effective strategy for managing persistent crying.

B. Carry the newborn in a front or back pack: Carrying the newborn in a front or back pack provides comfort through closeness, security, and movement, often calming the baby. This strategy can be beneficial for soothing a crying baby.

C. Keep the newborn in the center of a large crib: While ensuring the baby’s safety, placing a newborn in a large crib may not help with soothing crying. Babies often prefer a sense of containment and comfort, which is less likely in a spacious crib.

D. Swaddle the newborn in a receiving blanket: Swaddling provides warmth and security, mimicking the snug environment of the womb. This technique can help calm a crying newborn by offering comfort and a sense of safety.

E. Allow the newborn to continue crying: Allowing a newborn to cry without attempting soothing measures is not typically recommended. Prolonged crying can increase stress for both the infant and the parents and may not address the underlying need or discomfort.

A. It prevents the formation of Rh antibodies in newborns who are Rh positive. B. It prevents the formation of Rh antibodies in mothers who are Rh negative. C. It destroys Rh antibodies in mothers who are Rh negative. D. It destroys Rh antibodies in newborns who are Rh positive.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. It prevents the formation of Rh antibodies in newborns who are Rh positive: Rh immunoglobulin is administered to the mother, not the newborn. It does not prevent antibody formation in the infant; instead, it prevents maternal sensitization that can harm future pregnancies.

B. It prevents the formation of Rh antibodies in mothers who are Rh negative: Rh(D) immunoglobulin works by suppressing the maternal immune response to fetal Rh-positive red blood cells. This prevents the formation of maternal anti-D antibodies, which could attack fetal red cells in future pregnancies.

C. It destroys Rh antibodies in mothers who are Rh negative: Rh immunoglobulin does not destroy antibodies already formed. If maternal sensitization has occurred and anti-D antibodies are already present, RhIg is no longer effective or indicated.

D. It destroys Rh antibodies in newborns who are Rh positive: RhIg has no role in treating or affecting the newborn’s immune system. It acts only in the Rh-negative mother to prevent alloimmunization after potential fetal-maternal blood mixing.

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Which substance, when abused during pregnancy, is the most significant cause of cognitive impairment and dysfunction in the infant?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse in a pediatric clinic is caring for a client who is postpartum and asks the nurse what to do when her newborn cries persistently. Which of the following strategies should the nurse suggest? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who is postpartum and has a new prescription for an injection of Rh, (D) immunoglobulin. Which of the following should be included in the teaching?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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