Which term describes a fracture where the bone penetrates the skin and is exposed to the external environment?

A comminuted fracture occurs when the bone is crushed and shattered into multiple fragments, resulting in significant bone displacement and increased difficulty in alignment during the healing process.

a. Greenstick fracture: A greenstick fracture is an incomplete fracture where the bone bends and partially breaks, commonly seen in pediatric patients. It does not involve bone crushing or fragmentation.
c. Avulsion fracture: An avulsion fracture occurs when a small fragment of bone is pulled away from the main bone due to the forceful attachment of a tendon or ligament. It is not characterized by bone crushing or fragmentation.
d. Stress fracture: A stress fracture is a tiny crack in the bone caused by repetitive stress and overuse. It does not involve bone crushing or fragmentation.

Early ambulation (walking) is important for preventing complications such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and muscle atrophy in patients with lower extremity fractures.

b. Bed rest for 24 hours: Prolonged bed rest can lead to complications such as muscle weakness, DVT, and pressure ulcers. Early ambulation is preferred to prevent these issues.
c. Avoidance of pain medication: Pain management is essential for patient comfort and mobility. Avoiding pain medication may hinder early ambulation and delay recovery.
d. Delayed wound dressing changes: Appropriate wound care is crucial for preventing infection and ensuring proper healing. Delayed wound dressing changes may increase the risk of infection.