Which type of restraint is most appropriate for the insertion of an intravenous line in a scalp vein in an infant?
mummy
clove hitch
elbow
jacket
The Correct Answer is A
Pediatric restraint techniques are essential during invasive procedures to ensure procedural safety, minimize movement, prevent vascular injury, and maintain infant immobilization during venous access in scalp vein cannulation procedures safely.
Rationale:
A. Mummy restraint provides appropriate immobilization for infant scalp vein cannulation. It wraps infant securely limiting upper limb and trunk movement. Reduces motion improving venous access stability and procedural success rates. Prevents accidental dislodgement maintaining safety during intravenous therapy insertion procedure.
B. Clove hitch is primarily a limb restraint securing technique method. Used to tie extremities to bed for restricted movement control. Not suitable for infant scalp vein cannulation due to instability. May cause circulation impairment and increased distress in infants patients.
C. Elbow restraint prevents elbow flexion restricting arm movement in infants. Typically applied to keep arms extended for intravenous access sites. Does not control head movement required for scalp vein procedures. Insufficient for immobilizing neonate during scalp venipuncture procedures safely performed.
D. Jacket restraint immobilizes upper torso using vest like device system. Restricts shoulder and trunk movement but allows limited limb motion. Not indicated for localized scalp venous cannulation procedures in infants. May increase respiratory restriction and discomfort during restraint application process.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Oral drug absorption in young children is determined by developmental differences in gastrointestinal motility, gastric emptying, intestinal enzyme activity, and mucosal surface maturation. In children under 5 years, accelerated and irregular intestinal transit can significantly disrupt the designed pharmacokinetics of extended-release formulations, reducing consistent drug absorption and therapeutic effect.
Rationale:
A. Constipation increases intestinal transit time, which may prolong drug contact with absorptive surfaces and potentially enhance absorption. It does not interfere with the controlled-release mechanism of time-released formulations in children under 5 years.
B. Renal immaturity affects drug excretion and clearance rather than gastrointestinal absorption. Time-release oral medications depend on gastrointestinal transit dynamics, not renal function, making this option unrelated to the absorption issue.
C. Children under 5 have rapid peristalsis and shortened intestinal transit time, reducing controlled drug release and absorption window. This disrupts extended-release formulation kinetics, leading to incomplete or inconsistent systemic drug levels.
D. Reduced gastric acid affects dissolution of acid-dependent drugs but does not significantly impair extended-release medication absorption. Time-release systems are primarily designed for intestinal release, so this factor has minimal impact on overall absorption in this age group.
Correct Answer is ["4.5\u201322.5"]
Explanation
Step 1: Identify formula
Safe dose range = Weight in kg × Recommended dose range
Step 2: Convert pounds to kilograms
= 10 lb ÷ 2.2
= 4.5 kg
Step 3: Calculate low dose range
= 4.5 kg × 1 mcg/kg/day
= 4.5 mcg/day
Step 4: Calculate high dose range
= 4.5 kg × 5 mcg/kg/day
= 22.5 mcg/day
Step 5: Final answer
Low dose = 4.5 mcg/day
High dose = 22.5 mcg/day
Final Answer: 4.5–22.5 mcg/day
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