Within the vertebral column there are
The Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"B","dropdown-group-2":"B","dropdown-group-3":"A"}
Rationale:
A. The human vertebral column is divided into regions: 7 cervical vertebrae in the neck, 12 thoracic vertebrae in the chest region (each articulating with a pair of ribs), and 5 lumbar vertebrae in the lower back. These vertebrae provide structural support, flexibility, and protection of the spinal cord.
B. This is incorrect because the cervical region has 7 vertebrae, not 5.
C. Incorrect, as both the cervical and thoracic counts are wrong.
D. Incorrect, because the lumbar region has 5 vertebrae, not 7.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Adenosine triphosphate is the energy currency of the cell and is essential for muscle contraction and relaxation, but it is not stored or released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Instead, ATP is produced in the mitochondria and consumed during the contraction cycle.
B. This enzyme is found in the synaptic cleft and is responsible for breaking down acetylcholine after it has transmitted a nerve impulse. It is not released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
C. This neurotransmitter is released from motor neurons into the neuromuscular junction to initiate muscle contraction. However, it is secreted by nerve endings, not by the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
D. When an action potential travels along the muscle fiber, it stimulates the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release stored calcium ions. Calcium then binds to troponin on the actin filaments, causing tropomyosin to shift and expose the binding sites for myosin, thus initiating the cross-bridge cycle that produces contraction.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Smooth muscle (found in organs and vessels) and cardiac muscle (in the heart) function involuntarily under the autonomic nervous system. Skeletal muscle, on the other hand, is under voluntary control through the somatic nervous system.
B. This would be incorrect because skeletal muscle is not involuntary, and smooth/cardiac muscles are not voluntary.
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