Yeasts are unicellular fungi that reproduce by budding.
True
False
The Correct Answer is A
Yeasts are unicellular fungi that reproduce primarily through a process called budding, in which a small daughter cell forms as an outgrowth of the parent cell and eventually detaches. Some yeasts can also reproduce by fission, but budding is the most common method. Yeasts differ from molds, which are multicellular and form filamentous hyphae. As unicellular organisms, yeasts are capable of rapid growth in nutrient-rich environments and are responsible for both beneficial processes, such as fermentation in food and beverage production, and pathogenic infections in humans.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Microbiology is the branch of science that focuses on the study of microorganisms, which include bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and microscopic algae. These organisms are typically too small to be seen with the naked eye and require microscopes or other magnification tools for observation and analysis. Microbiology examines their structure, function, genetics, metabolism, and interactions with humans, animals, plants, and the environment. It also explores their roles in disease, industry, and ecology. Understanding microorganisms is essential for developing vaccines, antibiotics, and infection control measures, making microbiology a critical field in medicine and biology.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Discovery of ribosomes as non-membranous organelles: Ribosomes are intracellular structures responsible for protein synthesis and are not surrounded by membranes. While their discovery expanded understanding of cellular components, it did not contradict classical cell theory, which focuses on cells as the basic structural and functional units of life.
B. Identification of multinucleated skeletal muscle fibers: Classical cell theory posits that a cell has a single nucleus and functions as an autonomous unit. The presence of multinucleated skeletal muscle fibers, also called syncytia, challenged this notion This observation revealed that some cells can deviate from “one nucleus per cell” concept, prompting refinement of the theory.
C. Observation that all living organisms metabolize ATP: While ATP metabolism is a universal feature of living cells, this observation supports rather than challenges cell theory. It reinforces the concept that cells are the basic functional units responsible for life-sustaining biochemical processes.
D. Recognition that membranes are composed of phospholipid bilayers: Identifying the phospholipid bilayer structure of membranes clarified how cells maintain compartmentalization and selective permeability. This structural insight complements classical cell theory and does not contradict the fundamental principles regarding cellular organization.
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