You are caring for a patient with circumferential burns on his right leg. You note that the capillary refill in his right big toenail is not as brisk as it was 2 hours ago and that the pedal and tibial pulses are only noted by Doppler. What is your best plan of action?
Apply a heating pad to increase the circulation.
Elevate the injured leg more to see if the edema will decrease.
Notify the physician and prepare for a fasciotomy.
Observe and do nothing for another hour to see if the condition gets worse.
The Correct Answer is C
Rationale:
A. Applying a heating pad is not appropriate. Heat may increase tissue metabolism and oxygen demand, potentially worsening ischemia. It does not relieve the underlying problem of compartment syndrome caused by circumferential burns.
B. Elevating the leg may slightly reduce edema, but in circumferential burns with compromised perfusion, elevation alone is insufficient. Delay in intervention can result in permanent tissue damage.
C. Notify the physician and prepare for a fasciotomy is the correct action. Circumferential burns can cause circumferential eschar and compartment syndrome, where swelling increases pressure within the burned area, restricting blood flow to distal tissues. Signs such as delayed capillary refill and weak or absent pulses detectable only by Doppler indicate impaired circulation and impending tissue ischemia. A fasciotomy is a surgical procedure that releases pressure in the affected compartment to restore perfusion and prevent permanent damage or loss of the limb.
D. Observing the patient and waiting is unsafe. Delaying intervention in the presence of compromised circulation can result in irreversible tissue necrosis, nerve damage, or limb loss.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Administer morphine sulfate 4 mg IV is incorrect as the first intervention because while pain management is important, severe hypotension takes priority. Administering opioids before stabilizing blood pressure could worsen hypotension and perfusion.
B. Give acetaminophen (Tylenol) 650 mg is incorrect because fever reduction is secondary to stabilizing circulation. Acetaminophen does not address the patient’s life-threatening hypotension.
C. Infuse normal saline bolus is correct because the patient is hypotensive (BP 82/40), indicating circulatory compromise, which requires immediate fluid resuscitation to restore perfusion to vital organs. In the context of possible DIC, hypotension may reflect sepsis or ongoing hemorrhage, making fluid resuscitation the first priority according to the ABCs and primary survey principles.
D. Draw complete blood count and coagulation studies is incorrect as the first intervention because while laboratory evaluation is important to confirm DIC and guide treatment, it does not immediately address life-threatening hypotension. Labs can be drawn after initial stabilization.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Additional skin disruption is incorrect because while avoiding further trauma to burn wounds is important, it is not the primary reason for choosing the intravenous route for narcotics.
B. Burn pain is so severe it requires relief by the fastest route available is partially correct in acknowledging the severity of pain, but the main limitation of other routes is not speed alone—it is absorption.
C. Thrombosis may occur at injection sites is incorrect because thrombosis is not a significant concern with routine pain management in burn patients; it does not dictate the choice of intravenous administration.
D. Tissue edema may interfere with drug absorption via other routes is correct because burn injuries cause massive tissue edema, which can reduce or delay absorption of orally or subcutaneously administered medications. Intravenous administration ensures reliable and rapid delivery of analgesics, providing effective pain control during the critical initial management phase.
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