Understanding: A, B, E, D

No understanding: C

Rationale:
A. "I should take my medication on an empty stomach."- Taking Ferrous Sulfate on an empty stomach can enhance its absorption.
B. "I should avoid taking antacids while on this medication."- Antacids can decrease the absorption of iron, so it's important to avoid taking them concurrently with iron supplements to ensure the medication's effectiveness.
C. "If I experience black stools, I should notify my provider."- Black stools are a common side effect of Ferrous Sulfate due to unabsorbed iron and do not usually necessitate notifying a provider unless accompanied by other symptoms.
D. "I should rinse my mouth after taking this medication."- Iron supplements can cause staining of the teeth, so rinsing the mouth after taking the medication can help prevent this side effect by remove any residual iron from the dental enamel.
E. "I should take this medication with orange juice."- Taking Ferrous Sulfate with vitamin C, such as orange juice, can increase iron absorption.

A. Monitor the client for dysrhythmias- The significant decrease in potassium levels (hypokalemia) can predispose the client to cardiac dysrhythmias, so monitoring for any signs or symptoms of dysrhythmias is essential.
B. Advise the client to restrict potassium intake- With potassium levels already low (hypokalemia), restricting potassium intake further could exacerbate the deficiency. Instead, the client may need to increase their potassium intake through dietary changes or supplementation under healthcare provider guidance.
C. Advise the client to take the medication before bedtime- There's no medication mentioned in the scenario that requires a specific timing like before bedtime.
D. Check the client for orthostatic hypotension- The client reports dizziness and light- headedness upon standing, which are indicative of orthostatic hypotension. Checking for orthostatic hypotension involves measuring blood pressure and heart rate in different positions (lying, sitting, and standing) to assess for postural changes.
E. Advise the client to change positions slowly- Given the client's symptoms of dizziness and light-headedness upon standing, advising them to change positions slowly can help prevent falls or injuries associated with orthostatic hypotension.

A. "I will avoid consuming alcoholic beverages."- Alcohol can irritate the oral mucosa and worsen mouth pain associated with stomatitis. Avoiding alcoholic beverages can help alleviate discomfort.
B. "I will consume foods that are soft or semisolid."- Soft or semisolid foods are easier to chew and swallow, reducing irritation to the oral mucosa and discomfort caused by mouth pain.
C. "I will rinse with saline every 2 hours while awake."- Rinsing with saline can help keep the oral mucosa clean and promote healing of lesions associated with stomatitis. Frequent rinsing can also provide relief from mouth pain.

D. "I will avoid taking folic acid supplements while taking this medication."- Methotrexate is a folate antagonist, and folic acid supplements are typically avoided during treatment to enhance the effectiveness of the medication. Therefore, the client should not avoid taking folic acid supplements but should follow healthcare provider instructions regarding their use.
E. "I will perform oral hygiene using a firm-bristle toothbrush."- Using a firm-bristle toothbrush can further irritate the oral mucosa and exacerbate mouth pain. Instead, the client should use a soft-bristle toothbrush or consider other gentle oral hygiene measures recommended by their healthcare provider.

A. “You may initially notice an increase in involuntary movements."- Levodopa- carbidopa can initially cause an increase in involuntary movements, known as dyskinesias. This is an important aspect to educate the client about, as it may be alarming if not expected.
B. “The medication can cause nausea, so take with a meal.”- It is also crucial to mention that the medication can cause nausea; therefore, taking it with a meal can help mitigate this issue
C. “You may notice your urine becomes lighter in color."- Levodopa can cause dark- colored urine (brown, black) and not light discoloration.
D. “You can experience vivid nightmares."- Vivid dreams or nightmares are possible side effects of levodopa-carbidopa therapy. Informing the client about this potential adverse effect prepares them for what they may experience.
E. “This medication can make you light-headed if you stand up too quickly from a seated or lying position."- Orthostatic hypotension is a common side effect of levodopa-carbidopa, especially when standing up quickly. Advising the client about this risk helps prevent falls and injuries.
F. "Consumption of a high protein meal can reduce the effectiveness of the medication."- Protein intake can interfere with the absorption of levodopa. Therefore, advising the client to avoid high-protein meals around the time of medication administration can optimize its effectiveness.

A) Temperature - While assessing temperature is important for overall client

assessment, it is not specifically related to administering propranolol.

B) Heart rate - Propranolol is a beta-blocker commonly used to reduce heart rate and

blood pressure, so assessing the client's heart rate before administration is crucial.

C) Respiratory rate - Respiratory rate is not directly affected by propranolol

administration, so it is not the priority assessment.

D) Pain level - Pain level assessment is important but not directly related to

administering propranolol.

A) Withdraw the NPH insulin from the vial. - Injecting air into the regular insulin vial

should be the second step to prevent contamination when mixing insulin.

B) Withdraw the regular insulin from the vial. - This is the third step after injecting

air into regular insulin vial. The clear (regular) insulin should be drawn up before the

cloudy (NPH) insulin to prevent contamination.

C) Inject air into the regular insulin vial. - This is the second step. This action allows

for easier withdrawal of the insulin and prevents negative pressure in the vial.

D) Inject air into the NPH vial. - The nurse should first inject air into the NPH vial

first. This allows for easier withdrawal of NPH by preventing a vacuum from

forming.

A) Increased salivation - Muscarinic agonist poisoning typically presents with

excessive salivation, so increased salivation would indicate ineffective treatment.

B) Hyperactive bowel sounds - Muscarinic agonist poisoning can cause increased

bowel sounds, so this finding would also indicate ineffective treatment.

C) Heart rate 90/min - Atropine is used to counteract the effects of muscarinic

agonists by blocking acetylcholine receptors, leading to an increase in heart rate. A

heart rate of 90/min would indicate that the treatment has been effective.

D) Blood pressure 90/50 mm Hg - Atropine can cause tachycardia and hypertension

as side effects, so a blood pressure of 90/50 mm Hg would not necessarily indicate

effective treatment.

A) Decreased blood pressure - IV fluid replacement is expected to improve hydration

status, which should lead to stabilization or normalization of blood pressure rather

than a decrease.

B) Excessive thirst - Excessive thirst indicates dehydration and would not indicate

effective IV fluid replacement.

C) Moist oral mucous membranes - Moist oral mucous membranes are a sign of

adequate hydration and indicate that IV fluid replacement has been effective.

D) Increased heart rate - IV fluid replacement is expected to improve hydration status,

leading to stabilization or normalization of heart rate rather than an increase.

A) Prior episode of kidney stones - A history of kidney stones is not a

contraindication to prednisone therapy.

B) Has a systemic fungal infection - Prednisone is contraindicated in clients with

systemic fungal infections due to its immunosuppressive effects.

C) History of asthma - Prednisone is commonly used to manage asthma

exacerbations, so a history of asthma would not be a contraindication.

D) Taking levothyroxine orally - Taking levothyroxine orally is not a contraindication

to prednisone therapy.

A) "I will notify your provider of your decision." - While it's important to inform the

provider of the client's decision, it's also crucial to understand the reason behind the

refusal.

B) "If you do not take your medications, you will not recover." - This statement may

come across as threatening and is unlikely to encourage cooperation.

C) "Most people feel better after they have taken these medications." - This statement

may not address the client's specific concerns or reasons for refusing.

D) "Why are you refusing your medications?" - This response shows empathy and

seeks to understand the client's perspective, which can help address any concerns or

barriers to medication adherence.