13. A nurse is preparing to provide tracheostomy care to a client who has a chronic tracheostomy. In which order should the nurse complete the following steps? (Move the steps into the box on the right, placing them in the order of performance. Use all the steps.)

A) To calculate the intake volume for the I&O chart, the nurse should convert all liquid measurements to milliliters. One ounce is approximately 30 milliliters. Therefore, 8 oz of milk is 240 mL, 10 oz of water is 300 mL, and 4 oz of gelatin (since it's considered a liquid for I&O purposes) is 120 mL. The egg, bacon, and biscuits are not included in the liquid intake calculation. Adding up the liquids, the total intake is 240 mL + 300 mL + 120 mL, which equals 660 mL.

B) To calculate the intake volume for the I&O chart, the nurse should convert all liquid measurements to milliliters. One ounce is approximately 30 milliliters. Therefore, 8 oz of milk is 240 mL, 10 oz of water is 300 mL, and 4 oz of gelatin (since it's considered a liquid for I&O purposes) is 120 mL. The egg, bacon, and biscuits are not included in the liquid intake calculation. Adding up the liquids, the total intake is 240 mL + 300 mL + 120 mL, which equals 660 mL.

C) To calculate the intake volume for the I&O chart, the nurse should convert all liquid measurements to milliliters. One ounce is approximately 30 milliliters. Therefore, 8 oz of milk is 240 mL, 10 oz of water is 300 mL, and 4 oz of gelatin (since it's considered a liquid for I&O purposes) is 120 mL. The egg, bacon, and biscuits are not included in the liquid intake calculation. Adding up the liquids, the total intake is 240 mL + 300 mL + 120 mL, which equals 660 mL.

D) To calculate the intake volume for the I&O chart, the nurse should convert all liquid measurements to milliliters. One ounce is approximately 30 milliliters. Therefore, 8 oz of milk is 240 mL, 10 oz of water is 300 mL, and 4 oz of gelatin (since it's considered a liquid for I&O purposes) is 120 mL. The egg, bacon, and biscuits are not included in the liquid intake calculation. Adding up the liquids, the total intake is 240 mL + 300 mL + 120 mL, which equals 660 mL.

A) Apply cornstarch powder to the perineal area. - Cornstarch powder may increase the risk of infection and should be avoided in the perineal area, especially for clients with fecal incontinence.
B) Place a moisture barrier ointment over the perineal area. - Moisture barrier ointment helps protect the skin from irritation and breakdown caused by fecal incontinence.
C) Turn the client every 4 hr. - Turning the client every 2 hours is recommended for preventing pressure ulcers, but it does not specifically address fecal incontinence.
D) Cleanse the perineal area with povidone-iodine solution. - Povidone-iodine solution is not typically used for routine perineal care and may irritate the skin.