A 15-year-old patient with a closed head injury is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit and is intubated. The nurse should monitor the patient for which symptom?

Choice A rationale:

X-linked dominant disorders are characterized by a mutation on the X chromosome that results in the expression of the trait in both males and females. Hemophilia, however, is more commonly associated with males, which is not consistent with an X-linked dominant pattern.

Choice B rationale:

Autosomal recessive disorders require the inheritance of two mutated alleles, one from each parent, to express the trait. Hemophilia does not follow this pattern, as the patient's sisters do not have the condition despite having affected parents.

Choice C rationale:

Autosomal dominant disorders only require the inheritance of one mutated allele from an affected parent to express the trait. Hemophilia does not align with an autosomal dominant pattern, as the patient's sisters would likely be affected if it were.

Choice D rationale:

Hemophilia is a classic example of an X-linked recessive disorder. The gene responsible for producing clotting factor is located on the X chromosome, and males have only one X chromosome, making them more susceptible to the disorder. Females, with two X chromosomes, usually act as carriers unless both X chromosomes carry the mutation.

"The healthcare provider will use the VCUG to view her urinary tract and bladder to see if everything is okay.”.

Choice A rationale:

Administering antibiotics or fixing underlying issues are not the purposes of a voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). VCUG is a diagnostic imaging procedure used to visualize the urinary tract and bladder for structural abnormalities, not to administer treatments.

Choice B rationale:

This choice accurately reflects the purpose of a VCUG. It is a radiographic study that involves using contrast dye to visualize the urinary tract, helping healthcare providers identify any anatomical abnormalities or functional issues related to the bladder.

Choice C rationale:

The statement in Choice C is incorrect. VCUG is not used to administer antibiotics directly into the urinary tract. It is primarily a diagnostic procedure, not a treatment method.

Choice D rationale:

Choice D is inaccurate. A VCUG is not attached to the bladder, nor is it used for monitoring a child's ability to urinate over an extended period. It is a one-time imaging procedure.