A 16-year-old female client presents with complaints of palpitations. While the nurse is auscultating heart sounds, asking the client to get into a seated position and leaning forward, would help the nurse assess the presence of which of the following?

Mitral stenosis

Atrial repolarization

The first heart sound

Aortic murmurs

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A) Mitral stenosis: Mitral stenosis is best assessed in the left lateral decubitus position, not by asking the client to lean forward. This position brings the mitral valve closer to the chest wall, allowing for better auscultation of the mitral valve area.
B) Atrial repolarization: Atrial repolarization, which is not typically auscultated as a distinct sound, occurs during the repolarization phase of the atria and is not specifically assessed by positioning the client in any particular way.
C) The first heart sound: The first heart sound (S1) is best heard over the mitral and tricuspid areas of the heart and does not specifically require the client to lean forward. It is associated with the closure of the atrioventricular valves and can be assessed in various positions.
D) Aortic murmurs: Aortic murmurs, including those associated with aortic stenosis or regurgitation, are often best heard with the client sitting and leaning forward. This position brings the aortic valve closer to the chest wall and can enhance the auscultation of murmurs or abnormal heart sounds associated with the aortic area.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Bell's palsy: Bell's palsy is characterized by sudden, unilateral facial weakness or paralysis. It does not cause the specific physical signs described in the question, such as a "moon" face, buffalo hump, or velvety discoloration around the neck.

B. Myxedema: Myxedema is associated with severe hypothyroidism and can lead to symptoms such as facial swelling and changes in skin texture, but it does not typically cause a round face, buffalo hump, or velvety neck discoloration. The velvety discoloration around the neck is more characteristic of insulin resistance rather than hypothyroidism.

C. Cushing's syndrome: Cushing's syndrome is caused by excess cortisol and is known for the characteristic signs described. A "moon" face, buffalo hump, and skin changes such as velvety discoloration (often termed "acanthosis nigricans") are hallmark features of this condition. These symptoms align with the body’s response to prolonged high levels of cortisol.

D. Scleroderma: Scleroderma involves skin thickening and tightening, primarily affecting the hands and face, but it does not typically cause a "moon" face, buffalo hump, or velvety neck discoloration. The changes in scleroderma are more related to skin fibrosis and less to the specific physical features listed.

A. Neither talk nor comprehend B. Talk but do not comprehend C. No alteration in speech and language D. Comprehend but not able to talk

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Neither talk nor comprehend: This description does not accurately characterize receptive aphasia. Receptive aphasia, also known as Wernicke's aphasia, primarily affects comprehension, while speech production may remain intact. Patients with this condition may speak fluently but have difficulty understanding spoken or written language.
B) Talk but do not comprehend: Receptive aphasia is characterized by the ability to produce speech fluently but with impaired comprehension. Patients can talk and may produce coherent-sounding speech, but they struggle to understand others' speech and may not grasp the meaning of what they are saying.
C) No alteration in speech and language: Receptive aphasia involves specific alterations in speech and language, particularly in comprehension. While speech may be fluent, the content often lacks meaning or coherence, and comprehension is significantly impaired.
D) Comprehend but not able to talk: This description aligns more with expressive aphasia (Broca's aphasia), where patients have difficulty producing speech but generally retain comprehension abilities. Receptive aphasia affects comprehension while allowing relatively intact speech production.

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A 16-year-old female client presents with complaints of palpitations. While the nurse is auscultating heart sounds, asking the client to get into a seated position and leaning forward, would help the nurse assess the presence of which of the following?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

When assessing an adult client experiencing diarrhea, the nurse notes a round "moon" face, a buffalo hump at the nape of the neck, and a velvety discoloration around the neck. What is the possible cause of these signs?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A patient is diagnosed with Receptive Aphasia. The nurse understands this patient can:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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