A 36-year-old man with diabetes mellitus presents to the nurse practitioner for routine lab work. His disease has been well controlled on 1,000 mg of metformin for 1 year. Today his glycosylated hemoglobin (Hgb A1C) level is 8.2, but his fasting blood glucose was only 99. Which chronic condition falsely elevates Hgb A1C levels?

Choice A reason: CBT is one of the most effective treatments for phobias. It uses exposure techniques and cognitive restructuring to reduce fear responses, making this statement incorrect.

Choice B reason: CBT is a first-line treatment for anxiety disorders. It helps clients identify and challenge anxious thoughts and behaviors, making this statement false.

Choice C reason: CBT aims to identify and modify irrational beliefs and cognitive distortions that contribute to emotional distress and maladaptive behavior. This is the core principle of CBT and aligns with Beck’s theory.

Choice D reason: Transference is a psychoanalytic concept. CBT does not focus on transference or assimilation of unconscious material but rather on conscious thought patterns and behaviors.

Choice A reason: Reporting to the state board is not appropriate unless there is a breach of professional conduct. Countertransference is a clinical issue best managed internally.

Choice B reason: Supervisory consultation is the standard and most effective method for addressing countertransference. It allows for reflection, guidance, and professional development without compromising client care.

Choice C reason: While individual therapy may help clinicians explore personal issues contributing to countertransference, it is not the primary method for managing it in clinical practice.

Choice D reason: Discharging the client prematurely due to countertransference may harm the therapeutic alliance and is not considered best practice unless absolutely necessary.