A 42-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with symptoms of acute alcohol withdrawal. He has a history of chronic alcohol abuse and reports his last drink was 32 hours ago. On examination, he appears agitated, diaphoretic, and tremulous. His vital signs show tachycardia and hypertension. The physician decides to initiate treatment with Lorazepam.
Which of the following best describes why Benzodiazepines are used to treat alcohol withdrawal?
They inhibit the metabolism of alcohol in the liver
They block the reuptake of dopamine in the central nervous system
They have no potential for abuse or dependence
They enhance the effects of GABA in the central nervous system
The Correct Answer is D
A. They inhibit the metabolism of alcohol in the liver: Benzodiazepines do not affect alcohol metabolism. Enzymes like alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase are responsible for metabolizing alcohol, and benzodiazepines have no role in this process.
B. They block the reuptake of dopamine in the central nervous system: This mechanism is more characteristic of stimulant drugs like cocaine or certain antidepressants. Benzodiazepines act primarily on GABAergic pathways and do not target dopamine reuptake.
C. They have no potential for abuse or dependence: Benzodiazepines carry a well-documented risk of dependence and abuse, especially with long-term use or in individuals with a history of substance use disorders. Their use in alcohol withdrawal is carefully managed due to this risk.
D. They enhance the effects of GABA in the central nervous system: Benzodiazepines potentiate GABA, the brain’s primary inhibitory neurotransmitter, which helps to stabilize the CNS, reduce seizures, and manage agitation during alcohol withdrawal. This GABAergic action compensates for the decreased inhibitory tone seen in alcohol-dependent individuals during withdrawal.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["10"]
Explanation
Desired dose = 20 mg
Available concentration = 10 mg per 5 mL
- Calculate the concentration in mg/mL:
Concentration (mg/mL) = Available dose / Available volume
= 10 mg / 5 mL
= 2 mg/mL
Volume to administer = Desired dose / Available concentration
= 20 mg / 2 mg/mL
= 10 mL
Correct Answer is ["0.5"]
Explanation
Desired dose = 250 mg
The medication label for Chlorzoxazone Tablets, USP states: 500 mg per tablet.
- Determine the number of tablets needed:
Number of tablets = Desired dose / Dose per tablet
= 250 mg / 500 mg/tablet
= 0.5 tablet
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