A 42-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with symptoms of acute alcohol withdrawal. He has a history of chronic alcohol abuse and reports his last drink was 32 hours ago. On examination, he appears agitated, diaphoretic, and tremulous. His vital signs show tachycardia and hypertension. The physician decides to initiate treatment with Lorazepam.

Which of the following best describes why Benzodiazepines are used to treat alcohol withdrawal?

A. "I should report a persistent cough to my provider.": A dry, persistent cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors like Lisinopril. Reporting this symptom is important, as the provider may consider switching to another class of antihypertensives if it becomes bothersome.
B. "I should take this medication as needed.": Lisinopril must be taken consistently every day to manage blood pressure effectively. Taking it only when symptoms are present is inappropriate and can lead to poor control and serious complications.
C. "I should expect to have facial swelling when taking this medication.": Facial swelling (angioedema) is a serious and potentially life-threatening adverse effect, not something to expect or tolerate. If it occurs, the medication should be stopped and medical help sought immediately.
D. "I should increase my intake of potassium-rich foods.": Lisinopril can increase serum potassium levels, leading to hyperkalemia. Clients should be advised to avoid excessive potassium intake and may need periodic lab monitoring.

A. "I should maintain a consistent sodium intake in my diet.": Sodium levels directly affect lithium levels in the body. Fluctuations in sodium intake can lead to lithium toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. A consistent sodium intake helps maintain stable lithium blood levels.
B. "I should have regular blood tests to monitor my lithium levels.": Lithium has a narrow therapeutic range and can become toxic if levels rise too high. Regular monitoring is essential to ensure safe and effective treatment, especially during dose adjustments or illness.
C. "It's important to restrict my fluid intake while taking this medication.": This statement is incorrect and indicates a need for further teaching. Fluid restriction can lead to dehydration, increasing lithium reabsorption in the kidneys and raising the risk of toxicity. Clients should maintain adequate hydration, especially during hot weather or illness.
D. "I need to report any signs of nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea to my doctor.": These are early signs of lithium toxicity. Prompt reporting is crucial so that lithium levels can be checked and treatment adjusted to prevent progression to severe toxicity.