A 46-year-old client with a high body-mass index and a sedentary lifestyle has been diagnosed with hypertension after serial blood pressure readings. The clinician has opted to begin the client on lisinopril (Zestril). The nurse should recognize that the therapeutic effect of this drug is achieved in what way?

By directly relaxing vascular smooth muscle

By blocking aldosterone from binding to mineralocorticoid receptors

By blocking the movement of calcium ions into arterial smooth muscles

By inhibiting the transformation of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. By directly relaxing vascular smooth muscle is not how lisinopril primarily works; it does not act directly on smooth muscle but rather affects hormonal pathways.

B. By blocking aldosterone from binding to mineralocorticoid receptors is a secondary effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors but not the primary action of lisinopril itself.

C. By blocking the movement of calcium ions into arterial smooth muscles describes the action of calcium channel blockers, not ACE inhibitors like lisinopril.

D. By inhibiting the transformation of angiotensin I to angiotensin II is the correct answer because lisinopril inhibits the ACE enzyme, reducing the production of angiotensin II, which lowers blood pressure and decreases strain on the heart.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Hypertension is not a common side effect of antiplatelet therapy; rather, it may be managed or monitored during treatment.

B. Gastrointestinal bleeding is a well-documented side effect of antiplatelet medications like clopidogrel, as they inhibit platelet aggregation and can increase bleeding risk.

C. Hyperglycemia is not typically associated with antiplatelet therapy; it is more commonly related to corticosteroids or certain diabetic medications.

D. Tachycardia is not a common side effect of antiplatelet therapy; cardiovascular effects are usually related to the management of existing conditions.

A. "Acetaminophen has no effect on inflammation." B. "It takes some people a few weeks to feel a difference." C. "Acetaminophen's only clinical use is for pain treatment." D. "Keep taking it as ordered, and watch for any signs of bleeding."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Acetaminophen is primarily an analgesic and antipyretic; it does not have anti-inflammatory properties, so it will not reduce swelling or inflammation.

B. While some medications may take time to show effects, this is not applicable to acetaminophen regarding inflammation, as it does not address that symptom.

C. Although acetaminophen is used for pain relief, saying it has only clinical use for pain is misleading; it is not effective for inflammation.

D. Monitoring for bleeding is important for medications that can affect coagulation, such as NSAIDs, but acetaminophen does not typically cause this risk.

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Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following is a common side effect of antiplatelet therapy with medications such as clopidogrel?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client with acute joint inflammation tells the nurse, "I've been taking acetaminophen as it's ordered on the bottle, but my swelling and inflammation doesn't seem to be getting better." What should the nurse teach the client?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client is receiving opioid therapy. The nurse should be alert to the possibility that which could occur if the client receives an opioid agonist-antagonist?

A client began taking hydrochlorothiazide 1 week ago and is reporting occasional dizziness when standing up quickly from sitting or lying. What is the nurse's best action?

The nurse is caring for a client who has been admitted after an acetaminophen overdose. Which of the nurse's assessment findings suggest liver damage? (Select all that apply.)

A client with hypertension has had their ACE inhibitor discontinued and an angiotensin II receptor blocker prescribed. What factor may have contributed to this change in medication?

What measure protects the nurse when preparing cytotoxic drugs?

A patient asks how metformin works to control blood sugar. What is the nurse's best response?

The nurse is caring for a client taking fluoxetine for depression. Which assessment findings indicate that the medication is effective? (Select all that apply.)

A patient receiving heparin therapy develops bruising and bleeding gums. What should the nurse suspect and what is the appropriate action?