A 5-year-old boy is brought to the emergency room with a possible broken arm. His 18-year-old sister, who is also his primary caregiver, has come with him. The boy is relatively calm, but his sister is so upset she is nearly hysterical. The nurse notes that as her behaviors show more anxiety, the boy is getting more upset and his anxiety is also increasing. What initial action would be best for the nurse to take in this situation?

While attending to the child, reassure the sister and suggest interventions she can help with.

Ask the sister if she prefers to leave the exam room.

Reassure the child that he is going to be fine and that his sister is just nervous.

Ask his sister to calm down so that she can help her brother remain calm as well.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Reassuring the sister while attending to the child and involving her in interventions reduces her anxiety, stabilizing the 5-year-old’s emotional state. This aligns with pediatric emergency care principles, making it the best initial action to manage the escalating anxiety in the emergency room.

Choice B reason: Asking the sister to leave may increase her distress and isolate the child, worsening his anxiety. Reassuring and involving her is more supportive, making this counterproductive and incorrect compared to the nurse’s role in calming both the caregiver and child effectively.

Choice C reason: Reassuring the child about his sister’s nerves doesn’t address her anxiety, which is escalating his distress. Involving the sister in care reduces both anxieties, making this insufficient and incorrect compared to the nurse’s priority of stabilizing the emotional environment in the ER.

Choice D reason: Asking the sister to calm down may heighten her distress, as she’s already hysterical, and doesn’t offer support. Reassuring and involving her helps both, making this ineffective and incorrect compared to the nurse’s action to reduce anxiety for the child and caregiver.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Airborne transmission involves pathogens spread through respiratory droplets, not insects. Insect-borne pathogens are vector transmission, making this incorrect, as it misidentifies the mechanism for diseases like malaria spread by mosquitoes in the nurse’s presentation on pathogen spread.

Choice B reason: Vehicle transmission involves contaminated objects or food, not insects. Pathogens spread by insects are via vector transmission, making this incorrect, as it does not describe the role of insects in pathogen spread in the nurse’s presentation on transmission mechanisms.

Choice C reason: Vector transmission occurs when insects like mosquitoes carry pathogens between hosts, a key mechanism for diseases like dengue. This aligns with infectious disease principles, making it the correct term for the nurse to illustrate in the presentation on how pathogens are spread.

Choice D reason: Contact transmission involves direct touch or surfaces, not insects. Vector transmission correctly describes insect-borne spread, making this incorrect, as it does not apply to the role of insects in pathogen transmission in the nurse’s educational presentation.

A. Encourage the client to wear his or her own clothes, talk to friends on the phone, and interact with other clients who have similar illnesses. B. Make all treatment and care decisions; the preteen is too young to have any responsibility for his or her own care. C. Encourage the client to keep his or her limitations foremost in mind when trying a new skill or task at which his or her peers have begun to excel. D. Create a clear list of behavioral rules to give the client when he or she arrives.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Wearing personal clothes, connecting with friends, and interacting with peers with similar illnesses fosters normalcy and emotional well-being in a 12-year-old. This aligns with pediatric psychosocial care for chronic illness, making it the correct action to help the preteen thrive during hospitalization.

Choice B reason: Making all decisions excludes the 12-year-old from care involvement, undermining autonomy and coping. Encouraging personal expression and peer connection supports thriving, making this disempowering and incorrect compared to fostering independence and emotional health in a chronically ill preteen in the hospital.

Choice C reason: Focusing on limitations discourages confidence and resilience, hindering a 12-year-old’s adaptation to chronic illness. Promoting normalcy through clothes and social interaction is more supportive, making this negative and incorrect for helping the preteen thrive during their hospital stay with a chronic condition.

Choice D reason: Strict behavioral rules may provide structure but do not address emotional and social needs like personal expression and peer support. Encouraging normalcy fosters thriving, making this less impactful and incorrect compared to actions promoting psychosocial well-being in a hospitalized 12-year-old with chronic illness.

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Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is preparing a presentation depicting the various ways pathogens are spread around. The nurse will illustrate that pathogens passed around via insects is referred to as which mechanism?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is working with a 12-year-old who is hospitalized with a chronic illness. Which action by the nurse might help the chronically ill preteen thrive while hospitalized?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a group of children on the pediatric unit. The nurse should collect further data and explore the possibility of child abuse (child mistreatment) in which situation?

The emergency room nurse is caring for a family who lost an adolescent in a violent car accident. Which initial nursing action best helps the family’s grieving process?

A young child has been admitted with a diagnosis of enterobiasis (pinworm infection). This child will most likely have a history of:

The nurse is collecting data on a 4-month-old child brought to the clinic by the caregiver. The nurse observes the child’s mouth and notes a white coating that looks like milk curds. Which of the following questions would be most important for the nurse to ask the caregiver?

A new client arrives for a first visit to the pediatric clinic. The nurse will prioritize which step in this appointment?

The school nurse is preparing to conduct routine health screenings of the elementary school students. Which screening will the nurse prioritize for students ages 6 to 8?

A 2-year-old child is reported to be a “picky eater” by his father. What pointers could the nurse provide the parent to help minimize stress related to mealtime? (Select all that apply)

The caregiver of a 2-year-old calls the clinic concerned that her child may have pushed paper into her ears, and she asks the nurse what to do. The mother found the child pushing on her ears with torn paper on the floor in front of her. What would be the appropriate response by the nurse?