A 56-year-old female client has discovered a new breast lump. The practical nurse (PN) recognizes that this client's greatest risk for a diagnosis of breast cancer is related to which factor?

She is postmenopausal and has been using herbal estrogen replacement therapy for four years.

There is a history of fibrocystic breast changes and she describes the lump as painful.

The client is of normal weight and height and has had three children before age 28.

She describes the lump as non-tender and says her mother died of breast cancer.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. While postmenopausal use of herbal estrogen may be a risk factor for breast cancer, it is not as significant as having a family history of the disease.
B. A history of fibrocystic changes and a painful lump are not as strong a risk factor for breast cancer as a family history of the disease.
C. Being of normal weight, height, and having children at a younger age are generally considered protective factors rather than risk factors for breast cancer.
D. A non-tender lump combined with a family history of breast cancer (mother with breast cancer) is the most significant risk factor for developing breast cancer.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Hoarseness in the voice following a thyroidectomy can be a sign of vocal cord damage or laryngeal nerve injury, which are potentially serious complications. The appropriate action is to notify the unit charge nurse to escalate the finding for further assessment by a physician or advanced practice provider.
B. Administering humidified oxygen does not specifically address the issue of hoarseness. While humidified oxygen might be beneficial for general respiratory comfort, it is not a targeted intervention for potential vocal cord damage.
C. Ensuring that the drainage device is compressed is important for managing surgical wounds but does not address or diagnose vocal cord issues. Hoarseness after thyroid surgery is more indicative of a potential complication rather than a drainage issue.
D. Obtaining ice chips does not address the underlying cause of the hoarseness and may not provide significant relief. The priority is to identify potential complications rather than offering symptomatic relief.

A. Limit servings of fresh fruits and vegetables. B. Consume concentrated sweets to boost energy. C. Try to eat at least six small meals daily. D. Choose small helpings from lean protein sources. E. Avoid adding salt to foods when cooking or at the table.

Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Limiting fresh fruits and vegetables is not necessary for clients with ascites due to cirrhosis unless they are causing specific issues like bloating or discomfort. Fresh fruits and vegetables are generally healthy and can be part of a balanced diet unless restricted for other reasons.
B. Consuming concentrated sweets to boost energy is not a recommended dietary strategy for managing ascites or cirrhosis. This approach may lead to excessive calorie intake without addressing the nutritional needs for a balanced diet.
C. Eating six small meals daily can help manage low appetite and energy levels by providing consistent nutrition throughout the day. Small, frequent meals are easier to consume and can help maintain adequate caloric intake for individuals with low appetite.
D. Choosing small helpings from lean protein sources is a good suggestion for managing ascites and cirrhosis. Lean proteins are important for maintaining muscle mass and supporting overall health without exacerbating liver disease.
E. Avoiding adding salt to foods helps manage fluid retention associated with ascites. Reducing sodium intake is crucial for managing ascites and preventing further fluid accumulation.

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A 56-year-old female client has discovered a new breast lump. The practical nurse (PN) recognizes that this client's greatest risk for a diagnosis of breast cancer is related to which factor?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

While caring for a client one day following a thyroidectomy, the practical nurse (PN) notes that the client's voice is hoarse. Which action should the PN take?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client with recurrent ascites from cirrhosis describes having no appetite or energy to the home health practical nurse (PN). What diet suggestions should the PN provide for the client? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]

Explanation

The practical nurse (PN) is documenting the insertion of a urinary catheter for a female client with urinary retention. What information should the PN include during the electronic documentation of the procedure? Select all that apply.

A preoperative client who has already signed the informed consent for a surgical procedure confides to the practical nurse (PN) of being really frightened and unsure about undergoing the surgery. Which priority action should the PN take?

The practical nurse (PN) positions a temporal artery scanner as seen in the picture. Before obtaining a temperature measurement, which assessment of the skin should the PN complete?

The practical nurse (PN) is assigning care for a group of clients on the urology medical unit. What client care interventions should the PN assign to the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)? Select all that apply.

The practical nurse (PN) is reviewing home care instructions with the mother of a young girl with a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which information reported by the mother demonstrates understanding of home care for the child?

Exhibits The practical nurse (PN) suspects elder mistreatment. Click to indicate if the listed manifestation of abuse is consistent with physical abuse, abandonment, or neglect. Each row must have only one response option selected.

A client with acute kidney injury (AKI) is admitted with an elevated heart rate and an elevated blood pressure. Which intervention should the practical nurse (PN) implement?

An older adult client who was admitted to a long-term care facility yesterday is confused about what day of the week it is. The history does not indicate that the client was confused prior to admission. Which action should the practical nurse (PN) take?