A 56-year-old female client has discovered a new breast lump. The practical nurse (PN) recognizes that this client's greatest risk for a diagnosis of breast cancer is related to which factor?
She is postmenopausal and has been using herbal estrogen replacement therapy for four years.
There is a history of fibrocystic breast changes and she describes the lump as painful.
The client is of normal weight and height and has had three children before age 28.
She describes the lump as non-tender and says her mother died of breast cancer.
The Correct Answer is D
A. While postmenopausal use of herbal estrogen may be a risk factor for breast cancer, it is not as significant as having a family history of the disease.
B. A history of fibrocystic changes and a painful lump are not as strong a risk factor for breast cancer as a family history of the disease.
C. Being of normal weight, height, and having children at a younger age are generally considered protective factors rather than risk factors for breast cancer.
D. A non-tender lump combined with a family history of breast cancer (mother with breast cancer) is the most significant risk factor for developing breast cancer.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Documenting the client's loss of memory is important for ongoing assessment, but it is not the immediate action to take when the client is confused about the day of the week.
B. Reminding the client of the day of the week is a direct intervention to help orient the client, which is a primary approach for managing acute confusion or disorientation.
C. Notifying the family of the change in the client’s condition may be necessary if confusion persists or worsens, but initial steps should focus on immediate management of the confusion.
D. Encouraging the client to rest is a general supportive action but does not address the specific issue of confusion about the day of the week.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Telling the client to focus on the positive aspects of life might seem dismissive of the client's current emotional state and concerns.
B. Providing information about support groups is helpful but should follow an initial supportive and empathetic response.
C. Allowing the client privacy may be necessary later, but initially, it is important to offer support and presence.
D. Sitting quietly with the client and answering any questions demonstrates empathy, support, and availability, helping the client process the new diagnosis and feel less isolated.
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