A 56-year-old female client has discovered a new breast lump. The practical nurse (PN) recognizes that this client's greatest risk for a diagnosis of breast cancer is related to which factor?
She is postmenopausal and has been using herbal estrogen replacement therapy for four years.
There is a history of fibrocystic breast changes and she describes the lump as painful.
The client is of normal weight and height and has had three children before age 28.
She describes the lump as non-tender and says her mother died of breast cancer.
The Correct Answer is D
A. While postmenopausal use of herbal estrogen may be a risk factor for breast cancer, it is not as significant as having a family history of the disease.
B. A history of fibrocystic changes and a painful lump are not as strong a risk factor for breast cancer as a family history of the disease.
C. Being of normal weight, height, and having children at a younger age are generally considered protective factors rather than risk factors for breast cancer.
D. A non-tender lump combined with a family history of breast cancer (mother with breast cancer) is the most significant risk factor for developing breast cancer.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Move away from the overbed table: This action can be done after the gloves are completely removed and disposed of. Moving away too early increases the risk of bumping into something and contaminating the gloves.
B. Sterile gloves are contaminated on the outside after performing a procedure like a dressing change. Pulling the glove down and everting it (turning it inside out) confines the contamination to the inside of the glove, reducing the risk of transferring germs to the hands or surrounding surfaces. This maintains a sterile field and minimizes the risk of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).
C. Loosen the glove from the fingers: This might be the initial step while grasping the glove for removal, but the key is to maintain aseptic technique by keeping the outside of the glove contained throughout removal.
D. Raise the hands above waist level: Raising hands above the waist level increases the risk of contaminating the sterile field or nearby surfaces if the glove integrity is compromised.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Folic acid deficiency is the most significant maternal factor associated with the development of spina bifida occulta. Adequate folic acid intake before and during pregnancy is crucial for preventing neural tube defects.
B. Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication but does not have a direct link to spina bifida occulta compared to the impact of folic acid deficiency.
C. A short interval between pregnancies is associated with other risks but is not a known direct cause of spina bifida occulta.
D. Tobacco use has various adverse effects on pregnancy and fetal development but is not as directly linked to the risk of spina bifida occulta as folic acid deficiency.
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