A 60-year-old female with a history of cirrhosis and low serum albumin presents with dyspnea, impaired ventilation, and pleural pain. A diagnosis of pleural effusion is made, and a watery fluid is drained. When giving report, the nurse will refer to this fluid as

exudative (high protein).

purulent.

transudative (low protein).

infectious.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Exudative fluid is not the type of fluid drained from the patient. Exudative fluid is a high-protein fluid that results from inflammation or infection of the pleura. It is usually cloudy and contains white blood cells, bacteria, or blood.

Choice B reason: Purulent fluid is not the type of fluid drained from the patient. Purulent fluid is a thick, yellow-green fluid that results from a bacterial infection of the pleura. It is also known as empyema and contains pus and dead tissue.

Choice C reason: Transudative fluid is the type of fluid drained from the patient. Transudative fluid is a low-protein fluid that results from increased hydrostatic pressure or decreased oncotic pressure in the pleural space. It is usually clear and contains few cells or organisms. It can be caused by conditions such as heart failure, cirrhosis, or nephrotic syndrome.

Choice D reason: Infectious fluid is not the type of fluid drained from the patient. Infectious fluid is a general term that can refer to any fluid that contains microorganisms that cause disease. It can be exudative or purulent, depending on the type and severity of the infection.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Glucocorticoids can cause an increase in blood sugar by stimulating gluconeogenesis and inhibiting insulin action. Therefore, a patient with type 1 diabetes who is taking glucocorticoids will not have no change in blood sugar, but rather a rise in blood sugar.

Choice B reason: Glucocorticoids can cause an increase in blood pressure by promoting sodium and water retention and increasing vascular reactivity. Therefore, a patient with type 1 diabetes who is taking glucocorticoids will not have a decrease in the blood pressure, but rather a possible increase in the blood pressure.

Choice C reason: Glucocorticoids can cause an increase in blood sugar by stimulating gluconeogenesis and inhibiting insulin action. Therefore, a patient with type 1 diabetes who is taking glucocorticoids will have an increase in blood sugar. This is the correct statement that describes the expected effect of glucocorticoids in this patient.

Choice D reason: Glucocorticoids can cause an increase in blood sugar by stimulating gluconeogenesis and inhibiting insulin action. Therefore, a patient with type 1 diabetes who is taking glucocorticoids will not have an increase in the need for carbohydrates, but rather a need for more insulin to control the blood sugar.

A. Percentage of blood that leaves the heart in a minute B. Percentage of blood that leaves the heart with each beat C. Amount of blood that leaves the heart with each beat D. Amount of blood that leaves the heart in a minute

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is not the definition of ejection fraction. The percentage of blood that leaves the heart in a minute is related to the cardiac output, which is the product of the heart rate and the stroke volume.

Choice B reason: This is the correct definition of ejection fraction. It is the ratio of the stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle) to the end-diastolic volume (the amount of blood in the left ventricle at the end of diastole). It is a measure of the efficiency of the heart and reflects the contractility of the cardiac muscle.

Choice C reason: This is not the definition of ejection fraction. The amount of blood that leaves the heart with each beat is the stroke volume, which is one of the factors that determine the ejection fraction.

Choice D reason: This is not the definition of ejection fraction. The amount of blood that leaves the heart in a minute is the cardiac output, which is influenced by the ejection fraction, but not equivalent to it.

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A 60-year-old female with a history of cirrhosis and low serum albumin presents with dyspnea, impaired ventilation, and pleural pain. A diagnosis of pleural effusion is made, and a watery fluid is drained. When giving report, the nurse will refer to this fluid as

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient with type 1 diabetes was prescribed a glucocorticoid for COPD. Which will the nurse expect in this patient?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

What is ejection fraction?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is preparing to teach the staff about asthma. Which information should the nurse include? Airway hyper-responsiveness in extrinsic asthma is related to:

Which nursing assessment confirms that the angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that a patient is taking is effective?

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Airway obstruction in COPD type B (chronic bronchitis) is due to

A nurse is preparing to teach the staff about asthma. Which information should the nurse include? Airway obstruction contributing to increased airflow resistance and hypoventilation in asthma is caused by:

Which agent is preferred for the initial treatment of heart failure?

A patient who has just begun taking an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor calls the nurse and reports feeling very dizzy when standing up, and asks if the medication should be discontinued. What is the nurse's best response?