A staff member asks a nurse to describe foam cells. The nurse's best response is that foam cells are
lipid-laden mast cells that have a soap-like texture.
macrophages that engulf low-density lipoproteins (LDLs).
injured neutrophil clots.
deposited adipose cells.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Lipid-laden mast cells are not foam cells. Mast cells are immune cells that release histamine and other inflammatory mediators. They do not accumulate lipids or have a soap-like texture.
Choice B reason: Macrophages that engulf low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are foam cells. They are part of the atherosclerotic process that leads to plaque formation in the blood vessels. They are called foam cells because they have a foamy appearance under the microscope.
Choice C reason: Injured neutrophil clots are not foam cells. Neutrophils are immune cells that fight infection and form pus. They do not engulf LDLs or contribute to atherosclerosis.
Choice D reason: Deposited adipose cells are not foam cells. Adipose cells are fat cells that store energy and secrete hormones. They do not phagocytose LDLs or form plaques in the blood vessels.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Respiratory acidosis does not cause no change in affinity of hemoglobin with oxygen. It causes a decrease in affinity of hemoglobin with oxygen, which means that hemoglobin releases more oxygen to the tissues. This is known as the Bohr effect, which is a physiological response to low pH and high CO2 levels.
Choice B reason: Respiratory acidosis causes a decrease in affinity of hemoglobin with oxygen, which means that hemoglobin releases more oxygen to the tissues. This is the correct statement that describes the expected finding in this patient. The decrease in affinity of hemoglobin with oxygen is a compensatory mechanism that tries to restore the oxygen balance in the body.
Choice C reason: Respiratory acidosis does not cause an increase in affinity of hemoglobin with oxygen. It causes a decrease in affinity of hemoglobin with oxygen, which means that hemoglobin releases more oxygen to the tissues. An increase in affinity of hemoglobin with oxygen would mean that hemoglobin holds on to oxygen more tightly, which would worsen the hypoxia in the patient.
Choice D reason: Respiratory acidosis does not cause a decrease in blood CO2. It causes an increase in blood CO2, which is the primary cause of the low pH. A decrease in blood CO2 would indicate respiratory alkalosis, which is a condition of high pH and low CO2 levels.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is the correct mechanism of action of propranolol. Propranolol is a beta blocker medication, which means that it blocks the beta receptors in the heart and blood vessels. This reduces the sympathetic stimulation in cardiac muscle, which lowers the heart rate, contractility, and oxygen demand. This also reduces the renin release from the kidneys, which lowers the blood pressure.
Choice B reason: This is not the mechanism of action of propranolol. Propranolol does not increase the diuretic response in the renal tubules. This is the effect of diuretic medications, such as furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide, which increase the urine output and decrease the blood volume and pressure.
Choice C reason: This is not the mechanism of action of propranolol. Propranolol does not inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. This is the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, such as lisinopril or enalapril, which block the formation of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor that raises the blood pressure.
Choice D reason: This is not the mechanism of action of propranolol. Propranolol does not block alpha receptors throughout the body. This is the effect of alpha blockers, such as doxazosin or prazosin, which block the alpha receptors in the blood vessels and cause vasodilation, which lowers the blood pressure.
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