A 62-year-old man states that his physician told him that he has an inguinal hernia. He asks the nurse to explain what a hernia is. How should the nurse respond?

Tell him not to worry and that most men his age develop hernias

Explain that a hernia is a loop of bowel protruding through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles

Explain that a hernia is often the result of prenatal growth abnormalities

Refer him to his physician for additional consultation because the physician made the initial diagnosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Telling the patient not to worry dismisses their concern and provides no educational value. Inguinal hernias, while common in older men, require explanation and monitoring, as they can lead to complications like incarceration, making this an inappropriate response.

Choice B reason: An inguinal hernia is a protrusion of bowel or tissue through a weak spot in the abdominal wall, typically in the inguinal canal. This accurate explanation addresses the patient’s question, describing the condition’s pathophysiology clearly, making it the correct response.

Choice C reason: Inguinal hernias are typically acquired due to abdominal wall weakness or increased intra-abdominal pressure, not prenatal growth abnormalities. Congenital hernias (e.g., indirect inguinal) are less common in adults, making this an inaccurate explanation for the patient’s condition.

Choice D reason: Referring the patient back to the physician avoids the nurse’s responsibility to educate. Nurses are equipped to explain diagnoses like hernias in simple terms, and deferring entirely does not address the patient’s immediate need for understanding, making this less optimal.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Inspection is the primary technique to further assess a raw, inflamed throat, allowing visualization of color, swelling, or lesions. This non-invasive method is appropriate, making it the correct choice for throat assessment.

Choice B reason: Palpation is inappropriate for a raw throat, as it may cause pain or spread infection. Inspection visually evaluates inflammation, so this is incorrect for further assessment.

Choice C reason: Percussion is used for chest or abdomen, not throat assessment. Visual inspection is needed for inflamed throat tissue, so this is incorrect for the technique required.

Choice D reason: Auscultation is for sounds (e.g., lungs), not visual throat changes. Inspection allows direct observation of inflammation, so this is incorrect for assessing throat condition.

A. Simultaneously palpate both arteries to compare amplitude. B. Instruct the patient to take slow deep breaths during auscultation. C. Compress the artery in the upper one-third of the neck while listening with the diaphragm of a stethoscope. D. Listen with the bell of the stethoscope to assess for bruits.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Simultaneously palpating both carotid arteries is dangerous, risking reduced cerebral blood flow, especially in cardiovascular patients. Using the bell to listen for bruits is safer, so this is incorrect.

Choice B reason: Deep breaths are for lung auscultation, not carotid, where patients hold breath to reduce noise. The bell detects low-pitched bruits, so instructing deep breaths is incorrect for carotid assessment.

Choice C reason: Compressing the carotid artery risks reducing blood flow or dislodging plaques, which is unsafe. Listening with the bell for bruits is the standard method, so this is incorrect.

Choice D reason: Listening with the bell of the stethoscope detects low-frequency bruits, indicating carotid artery narrowing, which is critical in cardiovascular disease. This is the correct technique for safe assessment.

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A 62-year-old man states that his physician told him that he has an inguinal hernia. He asks the nurse to explain what a hernia is. How should the nurse respond?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

During the assessment, the nurse notices areas of the throat that are raw and inflamed. Which technique should the nurse use to assess further?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

What should the nurse do when assessing the carotid arteries of an older patient with cardiovascular disease?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is assessing a patient’s pain. Which would be the most reliable indicator of pain in a conscious, alert, and oriented patient?

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When teaching the patient about self-examination of the male genitalia, the nurse would include which instructions in the teaching plan?

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