A 78-year-old male client presents to the emergency department complaining of a history of urinary frequency and a weak urinary stream. Today he complains of extreme pain in the pelvic area. The client urinates 50 mL, and an immediate bladder scan shows a post-void residual urine measurement of 600 mL. The nurse recognizes these symptoms are most likely related to which condition?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

End stage renal disease (ESRD)

Pre-renal acute kidney injury (AKI)

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   BPH is a common condition in older men that causes the prostate gland to enlarge, obstructing the urethra and leading to difficulty urinating, urinary retention, and pelvic pain. The symptoms described, including urinary frequency, weak urinary stream, severe pelvic pain, and a significantly elevated post- void residual urine volume, are consistent with BPH.
B.   ESRD can cause urinary symptoms. However, the presentation in this case is more consistent with a urinary obstruction, not a kidney failure issue. ESRD typically involves more systemic symptoms like fatigue, edema, and electrolyte imbalances.
C.   This is unlikely given the patient's age and lack of significant comorbidities. Additionally, the primary issue appears to be urinary obstruction, not a decrease in renal perfusion.
D.   This is a chronic condition that typically presents with flank pain, and it does not usually cause acute urinary retention.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. BPH is a common condition in older men that causes the prostate gland to enlarge, obstructing the urethra and leading to difficulty urinating, urinary retention, and pelvic pain. The symptoms described, including urinary frequency, weak urinary stream, severe pelvic pain, and a significantly elevated post- void residual urine volume, are consistent with BPH.
B. ESRD can cause urinary symptoms. However, the presentation in this case is more consistent with a urinary obstruction, not a kidney failure issue. ESRD typically involves more systemic symptoms like fatigue, edema, and electrolyte imbalances.
C. This is unlikely given the patient's age and lack of significant comorbidities. Additionally, the primary issue appears to be urinary obstruction, not a decrease in renal perfusion.
D. This is a chronic condition that typically presents with flank pain, and it does not usually cause acute urinary retention.

A. Insulin and sodium bicarbonate B. Calcium gluconate C. atiromer (Veltassa) D. Lisinopril

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. It helps to temporarily lower serum potassium levels by driving potassium into the cells. This effect is usually short-lived and is often used in emergency situations to quickly manage hyperkalemia.
B. Calcium Gluconate is used to stabilize the cardiac membrane in the setting of hyperkalemia, especially if there are ECG changes or symptoms of hyperkalemia. It does not lower the serum potassium level but helps protect the heart from the potential arrhythmias caused by elevated potassium levels.
C. Patiromer (Veltassa) is a potassium binder that helps to remove excess potassium from the body through the gastrointestinal tract. It binds potassium in the gut and facilitates its excretion in the stool.
D. Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor used to treat hypertension and heart failure. It can actually increase potassium levels by decreasing the excretion of potassium through the kidneys.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a serum potassium level of 6.5 mEq/L. Which of the following medications removes excess potassium from the body?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client with polycystic kidney disease is prescribed the medication Tolvaptan. What should the nurse include when educating the client about this medication.

A nurse is admitting a client who has been diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis. Considering the most common cause of this condition, which test should the nurse anticipate will be performed?

A client has had recurrent kidney stones. Upon lab analysis of the client's urine, it is found that excessive purine intake is the underlying cause. Which of the following high-purine foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?

The nurse is providing education to a male client who is newly-diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease. Which of the following statements should be included in the client teaching?

A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney disease about limiting foods that are high in potassium. Which of the following are high-potassium foods which the client should avoid? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse is assessing a client who has chronic kidney disease (CKD) for fluid volume overload prior to scheduled hemodialysis. Which of the following methods provides a reliable measurement of the amount of fluid the client has retained since the last dialysis treatment?

A client with chronic kidney disease is receiving epoetin alfa. Which laboratory result would indicate a therapeutic effect of the medication?