A charge nurse is conducting an in-service about smallpox with a group of nurses. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

"Smallpox lesions appear similar those of the varicella zoster virus”

"Smallpox is infectious prior to the development of the maculopapular rash”

"Healthcare workers should receive a yearly vaccination for smallpox “

"Smallpox is a current epidemic in third-world countries”

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. "Smallpox lesions appear similar to those of the varicella zoster virus": Smallpox lesions are typically round, deep, and well-defined, whereas chickenpox lesions are more superficial and tend to appear in different stages simultaneously. The two are distinguishable.

B. "Smallpox is infectious prior to the development of the maculopapular rash": Smallpox is contagious during the incubation period and before the appearance of the rash, particularly during the early febrile phase when the virus is present in respiratory secretions.

C. "Healthcare workers should receive a yearly vaccination for smallpox": Routine vaccination for smallpox is no longer recommended for healthcare workers since smallpox was declared eradicated. The vaccine is typically administered to those at high risk of exposure in the event of an outbreak, but not annually.

D. "Smallpox is a current epidemic in third-world countries": Smallpox was declared eradicated in 1980 by the World Health Organization, and there are no current epidemics of smallpox in any country.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. A client who has a red rash over his abdomen: A red rash may indicate an allergic reaction or viral infection, but it is not life-threatening. This client would be considered a lower priority compared to those with life-threatening conditions.

B. A client who has multiple fractures: Multiple fractures may be serious but they do not constitute an immediate threat to life unless there is significant blood loss or organ damage. This client would be categorized as urgent not emergent unless accompanied by complications like shock.

C. A client who has a punctured femoral artery: A punctured femoral artery is an emergent situation because it involves massive blood loss. Hemorrhage from this major artery can quickly lead to shock and death if not treated immediately.

D. A client who reports severe flank pain radiating to the groin: Severe flank pain, especially radiating to the groin, is suggestive of renal colic or kidney stones, which, while extremely painful, are not life-threatening in an emergency context.

A. Increase in the heart rate from 88 to 90/min B. Increase in the temperature from 99.5 °F to 100 °F C. Decrease in the respiratory rate from 20 to 16/min. D. Decrease in the urinary output from 50 mL to 30 mL per hour

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Increase in the heart rate from 88 to 90/min: A heart rate increase of 2/min is not significant to indicate hypovolemic shock. In the early stages of hypovolemic shock, a more pronounced increase in heart rate is expected as a compensatory mechanism for low blood volume.

B. Increase in the temperature from 99.5°F to 100°F: A slight increase in temperature is common postoperatively and is generally not indicative of hypovolemic shock. A more concerning sign would be a fever that is significantly elevated or a rapid temperature change in combination with other symptoms.

C. Decrease in the respiratory rate from 20 to 16/min: A decrease in respiratory rate is not typically a sign of hypovolemic shock. In shock, respiratory rate often increases as the body compensates for decreased oxygen perfusion.

D. Decrease in the urinary output from 50 mL to 30 mL per hour: As the body experiences decreased perfusion due to blood loss, the kidneys are less able to filter and excrete urine. A decrease in urinary output indicates poor renal perfusion, which is a sign of shock.

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A charge nurse is conducting an in-service about smallpox with a group of nurses. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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