Which statement by the nurse when explaining the purpose of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to the patient's caregiver is accurate?

"PEEP prevents the lung air sacs from collapsing during exhalation."

"PEEP allows the breathing machine to deliver 100% 02 to the lungs."

"PEEP will push more air into the lungs during inhalation."

"PEEP will prevent lung damage while the patient is on the ventilator."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is applied during mechanical ventilation to prevent alveolar collapse at the end of expiration. It helps maintain the patency of the alveoli, improving oxygenation and preventing atelectasis.
B.   While PEEP can improve oxygenation by recruiting collapsed alveoli and increasing functional residual capacity, it does not directly affect the concentration of oxygen delivered by the ventilator. Oxygen concentration is adjusted separately from PEEP settings.
C.   PEEP is applied at the end of expiration to maintain positive pressure in the airways and alveoli, preventing them from collapsing. It does not directly affect the delivery of air during inhalation.
D.   PEEP can help prevent lung damage by maintaining alveolar recruitment and reducing the risk of atelectasis and barotrauma. However, it is not the sole factor in preventing lung damage, and other ventilator settings and strategies also play a role in protecting the lungs.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Hypotension may result from decreased cardiac output due to hypoxemia and acidosis or as a compensatory response to hypoxia-induced vasodilation. Therefore, monitoring for hypotension is important in ARF.

C. Hypoxemia can impair cerebral perfusion and neuronal function, leading to alterations in mental status ranging from confusion to coma. Decreased level of consciousness is a concerning sign of inadequate oxygenation and should be closely monitored in patients with ARF.

D. Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, is a hallmark symptom of respiratory failure. In ARF, the respiratory system's inability to adequately oxygenate or ventilate leads to increased work of breathing and feelings of breathlessness. Patients with ARF often experience severe dyspnea as they struggle to maintain adequate gas exchange.

E. Headache is not typically considered a primary manifestation of ARF. However, it may occur as a secondary symptom due to factors such as hypoxemia, hypercapnia, or acidosis. Patients with ARF may experience headache as a result of cerebral vasodilation in response to hypoxia or as a symptom of underlying conditions contributing to respiratory failure.

B. Nausea is not a typical manifestation of ARF itself. However, it may occur as a secondary symptom due to factors such as hypoxia, acidosis, or medications administered for the management of ARF. While nausea may be present, it is not a direct result of respiratory failure.

A. Hypotension due to neurogenic shock B. Hypotension due to septic shock C. Hypotension due to hypovolemic shock D. Hypotension due to cardiogenic shock

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

C. its use in hypovolemic shock is generally not appropriate because the primary treatment for hypovolemic shock is fluid resuscitation to address the volume loss.

A. Dopamine is often used in neurogenic shock to increase systemic vascular resistance and improve blood pressure. Therefore, dopamine is an appropriate choice for the management of hypotension due to neurogenic shock.

B. Dopamine is commonly used in septic shock to improve cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance. It helps to support blood pressure and perfusion in septic shock patients.

D. It is indicated for cardiogenic shock as it increases cardiac contractility.

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Which statement by the nurse when explaining the purpose of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to the patient's caregiver is accurate?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has an acute respiratory failure (ARF). The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following manifestations of this condition? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate indication for the use of dopamine in critical care?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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