A nurse is caring for a client who has the following arterial blood gas results: HCO3-, 18 mEq, PaCO, 28 mm Hg and pH 7.30. The nurse recognizes the client is experiencing which of the following acid base imbalances?
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
The Correct Answer is D
A. Respiratory acidosis would typically involve an elevated PaCO2, which is not seen in this case.
B. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by an elevated bicarbonate level, which is not present in this scenario.
C. Respiratory alkalosis would present with a low PaCO2 and an elevated pH, which is not the case here.
D. The low bicarbonate level (HCO3) 18mEq/L (normal range of 22-26 mEq/L), and low pH 7.30 (normal range of 7.35-7.45), indicate metabolic acidosis. suggesting acidemia. The PaCO2 is also low at 28 mm Hg, indicating a respiratory compensation for the metabolic acidosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A) SIADH leads to water retention due to excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), resulting in weight gain rather than weight loss.
B) SIADH causes the kidneys to retain water, leading to decreased urine output (oliguria) and concentrated urine.
C) SIADH typically results in dilutional hyponatremia due to water retention, not hypernatremia.
D) In SIADH, the body retains water excessively, leading to decreased serum osmolality and suppression of thirst, rather than increased thirst.
Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Bicarbonate excess is not a clinical manifestation but rather the underlying cause of metabolic alkalosis.
B. Metabolic alkalosis can lead to potassium depletion, which may cause muscle weakness.
C. Kussmaul's respirations, characterized by deep and labored breathing, are more commonly associated with metabolic acidosis, not alkalosis, as the body tries to compensate for acidemia by expelling more carbon dioxide through deep breaths.
D. Alkalosis can cause peripheral vasodilation and decreased calcium ionization, leading to circumoral and digital paresthesia.
E. Alkalosis can cause cerebral vasoconstriction and decreased cerebral perfusion, leading to dizziness.
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