A charge nurse is preparing to discuss actions to take for clients who require an amniotomy during labor with a newly licensed nurse.
Which of the following statements should the charge nurse include during the discussion?

The correct answer is Choice C

Choice A rationale: Clinical manifestations of hypovolemic shock typically begin when approximately 15% to 30% of total blood volume is lost. In pregnancy, total blood volume increases by about 30% to 50%, so signs may be masked initially. However, waiting until 20% loss to expect symptoms is misleading. Tachycardia, pallor, and hypotension may appear earlier. Therefore, this statement underestimates the sensitivity of maternal physiology to blood loss and is not scientifically accurate.

Choice B rationale: Hemorrhagic shock leads to tissue hypoperfusion and anaerobic metabolism, resulting in lactic acid accumulation and metabolic acidosis. This causes a decrease in serum pH, not an increase. Normal serum pH ranges from 7.35 to 7.45. In shock states, pH often drops below 7.35, indicating acidosis. An increase in pH would suggest alkalosis, which is not consistent with the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock. Thus, this statement contradicts basic acid-base science.

Choice C rationale: Urine output is a direct and sensitive indicator of renal perfusion and overall organ perfusion. The kidneys require adequate blood flow to maintain glomerular filtration. In shock, decreased cardiac output reduces renal perfusion, leading to oliguria. Normal urine output is ≥30 mL/hr. Persistent reduction below this threshold reflects compromised perfusion. Unlike blood pressure or heart rate, urine output is less influenced by compensatory mechanisms, making it a reliable marker of end-organ function.

Choice D rationale: Fluid resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock typically involves a 3:1 ratio of isotonic crystalloid (e.g., lactated Ringer’s) to blood loss volume. This accounts for the distribution of fluid into the interstitial and intracellular compartments. Administering only 1 mL of fluid per 1 mL of blood loss is insufficient to restore intravascular volume. The 3:1 replacement rule is based on fluid dynamics and vascular compartmentalization. Therefore, this statement misrepresents standard resuscitation protocols.

Choice A rationale

Wound infection usually presents with redness, warmth, and swelling, not just yellow exudate. The presence of yellow exudate alone typically does not indicate an infection.

Choice B rationale

Ulceration would involve the breakdown of skin or tissue, which is not indicated by the presence of yellow exudate. Ulcerations are more severe and painful than normal post-circumcision healing.

Choice C rationale

Exposure to urine can cause irritation but does not typically result in yellow exudate. Proper diapering and cleaning prevent this irritation, and exudate is part of the healing process, not a result of urine exposure.

Choice D rationale

Healing is indicated by the presence of yellow exudate, which is a normal part of the healing process post-circumcision. It signifies that the glans is recovering as expected. .