A client brings their child to the pediatric clinic, concerned about dehydration.
The child has been experiencing decreased urine output and dark-colored urine.
What etiological factors could contribute to the child's dehydration, as discussed in the text?
Gastrointestinal illnesses, such as diarrhea and vomiting.
Excessive sweating during physical activity or in hot weather.
Fever, which increases the body's fluid requirements.
Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes or kidney disease.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
Gastrointestinal illnesses, particularly diarrhea and vomiting, lead to fluid loss from the body.
Diarrhea can cause significant loss of water and electrolytes, leading to dehydration.
Vomiting, especially when persistent, can also result in fluid depletion.
These conditions are common causes of dehydration in both children and adults.
Choice B rationale:
Excessive sweating during physical activity or in hot weather can lead to dehydration in individuals, but this scenario does not apply to the child described in the question, who is experiencing decreased urine output and dark-colored urine.
Sweating excessively is more common in older children and adults during physical activities.
Choice C rationale:
Fever, which increases the body's fluid requirements, is a valid point.
However, the child in this scenario does not have fever mentioned as a symptom.
In the absence of fever, gastrointestinal illnesses are the more likely cause of dehydration.
Choice D rationale:
Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes or kidney disease, can lead to chronic dehydration.
However, these conditions are not mentioned in the scenario provided.
In the absence of information about underlying medical conditions, gastrointestinal illnesses remain the most likely cause of the child's dehydration.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
The client's statement, "This IV fluid will provide me with hydration and calories," is correct.
D10W contains 10% dextrose and is used to provide both hydration and calories to the patient.
Choice B rationale:
D10W would not help lower blood sugar levels.
In fact, it would increase blood sugar levels due to the high concentration of dextrose.
Choice C rationale:
D10W does not provide essential electrolytes, so the statement is incorrect.
It's primarily used for calorie supplementation and hydration.
Choice D rationale:
D10W would not help increase blood pressure.
While it can provide hydration, it does not contain medications or components specifically intended to increase blood pressure.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The correct answer is Choice B: Total maintenance fluids = 1200 mL/day.
Choice A rationale:
This value exceeds the calculated requirement for a child weighing 18 kg using the Holliday-Segar method.
Choice B rationale:
The Holliday-Segar method calculates maintenance fluids based on weight as follows:
- For the first 10 kg, the requirement is 100 mL/kg.
- For the next 10 kg, the requirement is 50 mL/kg.
Thus, for a child weighing 18 kg:
- First 10 kg: 10 kg x 100 mL/kg = 1000 mL
- Next 8 kg: 8 kg x 50 mL/kg = 400 mL Total maintenance fluid requirement = 1000 mL + 400 mL = 1400 mL/day.
So, actually, the correct answer should be Choice D: 1400 mL/day.
Choice C rationale:
This value is higher than the requirement for 18 kg based on the Holliday-Segar method.
Choice D rationale:
This is the correct calculation based on the method described above: 1000 mL for the first 10 kg plus 400 mL for the next 8 kg totals 1400 mL/day.
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