A client brings their child to the pediatric clinic, concerned about dehydration.
The child has been experiencing decreased urine output and dark-colored urine.
What etiological factors could contribute to the child's dehydration, as discussed in the text?
Gastrointestinal illnesses, such as diarrhea and vomiting.
Excessive sweating during physical activity or in hot weather.
Fever, which increases the body's fluid requirements.
Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes or kidney disease.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
Gastrointestinal illnesses, particularly diarrhea and vomiting, lead to fluid loss from the body.
Diarrhea can cause significant loss of water and electrolytes, leading to dehydration.
Vomiting, especially when persistent, can also result in fluid depletion.
These conditions are common causes of dehydration in both children and adults.
Choice B rationale:
Excessive sweating during physical activity or in hot weather can lead to dehydration in individuals, but this scenario does not apply to the child described in the question, who is experiencing decreased urine output and dark-colored urine.
Sweating excessively is more common in older children and adults during physical activities.
Choice C rationale:
Fever, which increases the body's fluid requirements, is a valid point.
However, the child in this scenario does not have fever mentioned as a symptom.
In the absence of fever, gastrointestinal illnesses are the more likely cause of dehydration.
Choice D rationale:
Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes or kidney disease, can lead to chronic dehydration.
However, these conditions are not mentioned in the scenario provided.
In the absence of information about underlying medical conditions, gastrointestinal illnesses remain the most likely cause of the child's dehydration.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Albumin (5% or 25%) Albumin is the most appropriate IV fluid for a client with hypoalbuminemia and shock.
Albumin is a colloid solution that helps to increase oncotic pressure, which can be decreased in conditions like hypoalbuminemia.
This increased oncotic pressure can help draw fluids back into the vascular space, improving intravascular volume and blood pressure.
Therefore, it is a suitable choice for a patient with shock.
The two concentrations mentioned, 5% and 25%, refer to the percentage of albumin in the solution, and the choice between them depends on the severity of the patient's condition and the desired effect.
The 5% solution is often used for volume expansion and to improve hemodynamics, while the 25% solution is used for rapid volume expansion.
Choice B rationale:
Dextrans (Dextran-40 or Dextran-70) Dextrans are another type of colloid solution, but they are not the best choice for this specific situation.
Dextrans are often used as volume expanders but are more commonly employed in conditions where there is no issue with albumin levels.
In this case, the primary concern is hypoalbuminemia, and using albumin-based solutions would be more appropriate.
Choice C rationale:
Gelatin (Gelofusine or Haemaccel) Gelatin-based solutions are also colloids and can be used for volume expansion.
However, they are not the best choice for a patient with hypoalbuminemia because they do not address the low albumin levels.
Albumin solutions are preferred in such cases to help restore oncotic pressure and improve intravascular volume.
Choice D rationale:
Plasma protein fraction (Plasmanate or Plasmasteril) Plasma protein fraction solutions, also known as human albumin, are similar to albumin solutions.
However, in this context, albumin solutions are more commonly used.
Plasma protein fraction solutions may be indicated in specific situations, but the primary choice for a patient with hypoalbuminemia and shock would be albumin-based solutions, as they are specifically designed to address albumin deficiencies.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Assessing the degree of dehydration based on clinical signs and symptoms is a fundamental step in managing a dehydrated child.
This assessment guides the choice of appropriate treatment and fluid replacement.
Choice B rationale:
Calculating the fluid deficit based on the degree of dehydration is crucial in determining the amount of fluid that needs to be replaced accurately.
This calculation helps prevent under or overhydration.
Choice D rationale:
Monitoring the child's response to treatment and adjusting the plan accordingly is essential.
Dehydration management is an ongoing process, and adjustments may be necessary based on how the child is progressing.
Choice E rationale:
Communication with physicians, nutritionists, and other healthcare professionals is vital for comprehensive care.
Dehydration management often involves a multidisciplinary approach to address the child's overall health and nutritional needs.
Selecting all of these options (A, B, D, and E) ensures a comprehensive approach to managing dehydration in a child.
It involves assessment, calculation, monitoring, and collaboration with healthcare professionals for the best outcome.
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