A client brings their child to the pediatric clinic, concerned about dehydration.
The child has been experiencing decreased urine output and dark-colored urine.
What etiological factors could contribute to the child's dehydration, as discussed in the text?
Gastrointestinal illnesses, such as diarrhea and vomiting.
Excessive sweating during physical activity or in hot weather.
Fever, which increases the body's fluid requirements.
Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes or kidney disease.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
Gastrointestinal illnesses, particularly diarrhea and vomiting, lead to fluid loss from the body.
Diarrhea can cause significant loss of water and electrolytes, leading to dehydration.
Vomiting, especially when persistent, can also result in fluid depletion.
These conditions are common causes of dehydration in both children and adults.
Choice B rationale:
Excessive sweating during physical activity or in hot weather can lead to dehydration in individuals, but this scenario does not apply to the child described in the question, who is experiencing decreased urine output and dark-colored urine.
Sweating excessively is more common in older children and adults during physical activities.
Choice C rationale:
Fever, which increases the body's fluid requirements, is a valid point.
However, the child in this scenario does not have fever mentioned as a symptom.
In the absence of fever, gastrointestinal illnesses are the more likely cause of dehydration.
Choice D rationale:
Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes or kidney disease, can lead to chronic dehydration.
However, these conditions are not mentioned in the scenario provided.
In the absence of information about underlying medical conditions, gastrointestinal illnesses remain the most likely cause of the child's dehydration.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
The client's statement, "This IV fluid will provide me with hydration and calories," is correct.
D10W contains 10% dextrose and is used to provide both hydration and calories to the patient.
Choice B rationale:
D10W would not help lower blood sugar levels.
In fact, it would increase blood sugar levels due to the high concentration of dextrose.
Choice C rationale:
D10W does not provide essential electrolytes, so the statement is incorrect.
It's primarily used for calorie supplementation and hydration.
Choice D rationale:
D10W would not help increase blood pressure.
While it can provide hydration, it does not contain medications or components specifically intended to increase blood pressure.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Assessing the degree of dehydration based on clinical signs and symptoms is a fundamental step in managing a dehydrated child.
This assessment guides the choice of appropriate treatment and fluid replacement.
Choice B rationale:
Calculating the fluid deficit based on the degree of dehydration is crucial in determining the amount of fluid that needs to be replaced accurately.
This calculation helps prevent under or overhydration.
Choice D rationale:
Monitoring the child's response to treatment and adjusting the plan accordingly is essential.
Dehydration management is an ongoing process, and adjustments may be necessary based on how the child is progressing.
Choice E rationale:
Communication with physicians, nutritionists, and other healthcare professionals is vital for comprehensive care.
Dehydration management often involves a multidisciplinary approach to address the child's overall health and nutritional needs.
Selecting all of these options (A, B, D, and E) ensures a comprehensive approach to managing dehydration in a child.
It involves assessment, calculation, monitoring, and collaboration with healthcare professionals for the best outcome.
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