A client with a dehydrated child asks the nurse how to prevent dehydration.
What should the nurse educate the client about?
"The importance of maintaining a warm room temperature.”..
"The significance of oral rehydration solution (ORS).”..
"The need for complete blood count (CBC) testing.”..
"The child's need for frequent, heavy meals.”..
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale:
Maintaining a warm room temperature is not the key to preventing dehydration.
Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluids than it takes in, and temperature control in the room doesn't directly address this issue.
Choice B rationale:
The significance of oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a crucial factor in preventing and treating dehydration.
ORS contains a balanced mixture of salts and sugars that help the body reabsorb water and electrolytes lost due to dehydration.
It is the most effective way to rehydrate a dehydrated child.
Educating the client about the importance of ORS is essential because it provides a clear solution to the problem of dehydration.
Choice C rationale:
The need for a complete blood count (CBC) testing is unrelated to the prevention of dehydration.
CBC is a diagnostic test used to assess various blood parameters, including red and white blood cell counts.
It is not a preventive measure against dehydration.
Choice D rationale:
Suggesting the child's need for frequent, heavy meals is not an appropriate way to prevent dehydration.
In fact, heavy meals can sometimes worsen dehydration as they may be difficult to digest, leading to an increased risk of vomiting and diarrhea, which exacerbate fluid loss.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Approximately 100 mL/hour.
To calculate the total hourly fluid replacement rate, we can use the Holliday-Segar method, which is commonly used in pediatrics.
According to this method, a child's daily maintenance fluid requirement is calculated as follows: For the first 10 kg of body weight: 100 mL/kg/day.
For the next 10 kg of body weight: 50 mL/kg/day.
For each additional kg of body weight: 20 mL/kg/day.
In this case, the child weighs 14 kg.
So, we calculate as follows: For the first 10 kg: 10 kg x 100 mL/kg/day = 1000 mL/day.
For the next 4 kg (14 kg - 10 kg): 4 kg x 50 mL/kg/day = 200 mL/day.
Now, add these two together: 1000 mL/day + 200 mL/day = 1200 mL/day.
To find the hourly rate, we divide the daily requirement by 24 (hours in a day): 1200 mL/day ÷ 24 hours/day = 50 mL/hour.
So, the child's total hourly fluid replacement rate should be approximately 50 mL/hour.
However, this is an approximate rate.
To be more conservative in the case of severe dehydration, it's common to round this up to approximately 100 mL/hour to ensure that the child receives adequate fluids to rehydrate.
Choice A rationale:
Approximately 58 mL/hour is not The correct answer.
This calculation does not match the standard Holliday-Segar method used in pediatrics for fluid replacement.
Choice B rationale:
Approximately 140 mL/hour is not The correct answer.
This calculation significantly exceeds the recommended hourly fluid replacement rate for a child of this weight, which could potentially lead to overhydration.
Choice D rationale:
Approximately 82 mL/hour is not The correct answer.
This calculation does not align with the standard method for calculating fluid replacement in pediatric patients.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
"Height and weight.”.
Rationale: While monitoring height and weight is important for a child's growth and development, these parameters are not the primary vital signs to assess dehydration.
Dehydration assessment focuses on immediate physiological indicators, such as heart rate and blood pressure.
Choice B rationale:
"Heart rate and blood pressure.”.
Rationale: This is The correct answer.
When assessing a dehydrated child, monitoring vital signs such as heart rate and blood pressure is crucial.
Dehydration can lead to an increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure.
These parameters provide valuable information about the child's circulatory status and fluid balance.
Choice C rationale:
"Hair and eye color.”.
Rationale: Hair and eye color are not relevant parameters for assessing dehydration.
They are genetic traits and do not change in response to dehydration.
Choice D rationale:
"Shoe size and clothing size.”.
Rationale: Shoe size and clothing size are not relevant for assessing dehydration.
These measurements are related to a child's growth and body structure but do not provide information about their hydration status.
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