A client has a child diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and is concerned about the child's symptoms.
Which of the following symptoms are characteristic of TOF?

Cyanosis that worsens with crying or feeding.

Severe chest pain.

Palpitations.

Frequent respiratory infections.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale:

Cyanosis that worsens with crying or feeding is characteristic of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).

TOF is a congenital heart defect characterized by four specific cardiac abnormalities, one of which is a ventricular septal defect (VSD).

The VSD allows deoxygenated blood to flow from the right ventricle into the left ventricle and then into the aorta, leading to systemic cyanosis, which is exacerbated by crying or feeding due to increased right-to-left shunting.

Choice B rationale:

Severe chest pain is not a characteristic symptom of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).

TOF primarily presents with cyanosis and other associated symptoms related to the heart defect.

Choice C rationale:

Palpitations are not a characteristic symptom of TOF.

While some children with congenital heart defects may experience palpitations, this is not a specific hallmark of TOF.

Choice D rationale:

Frequent respiratory infections are not a characteristic symptom of TOF.

The symptoms associated with TOF are primarily related to cardiac function, such as cyanosis, and do not directly cause respiratory infections.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Genetic factors can contribute to the development of congenital heart defects in children.

Certain genetic mutations or abnormalities can increase the risk of congenital heart conditions.

Choice B rationale:

Maternal health is a factor that may contribute to the development of congenital heart defects in children.

Maternal conditions such as diabetes or rubella during pregnancy can increase the risk of congenital heart defects in the fetus.

Choice C rationale:

Exposure to infections during pregnancy is a known risk factor for the development of congenital heart defects.

Infections like rubella and certain medications can increase the risk of congenital heart conditions.

Choice D rationale:

Chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome (Trisomy 21), can be associated with congenital heart defects.

These genetic abnormalities can impact the development of the heart.

Choice E rationale:

While paternal health is important for overall fetal development, it is not a well-established risk factor for congenital heart defects.

The primary factors are maternal and genetic.

Congenital heart defects in children can be influenced by a combination of genetic factors, maternal health, exposure to infections during pregnancy, and chromosomal abnormalities.

These factors interact to increase the risk of congenital heart conditions.

Therefore, choices A, B, C, and D are all correct answers.

A. "I've noticed a bluish discoloration of my skin and lips.” B. "I find it hard to feed, and I'm not gaining weight as expected.” C. "I feel short of breath and tired during physical activities.” D. "The doctor mentioned hearing unusual heart sounds during the examination.”

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

"I've noticed a bluish discoloration of my skin and lips" is not a typical symptom of an atrial septal defect (ASD).

ASD is a congenital heart defect that involves an abnormal opening between the atria of the heart, and it typically results in increased blood flow to the lungs, not cyanosis.

Choice B rationale:

"I find it hard to feed, and I'm not gaining weight as expected" can be related to ASD, but it is not a primary symptom.

The increased blood flow to the lungs in ASD may lead to congestive heart failure, which can cause poor feeding and inadequate weight gain.

Choice C rationale:

"I feel short of breath and tired during physical activities" is a likely symptom of ASD.

With ASD, there is an increased volume of blood being pumped into the lungs, which can lead to pulmonary congestion, shortness of breath, and fatigue.

Choice D rationale:

"The doctor mentioned hearing unusual heart sounds during the examination" is not a symptom but rather a sign of an atrial septal defect.

Unusual heart sounds, like a fixed split second heart sound, may be heard on auscultation.

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A client has a child diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and is concerned about the child's symptoms.Which of the following symptoms are characteristic of TOF?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

(Select all that apply): A nurse is educating a group of parents about congenital heart defects in children.Which factors may contribute to the development of congenital heart defects in children? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

A client is diagnosed with an atrial septal defect (ASD).What is a likely symptom associated with this condition?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client asks the nurse, "How can I optimize my child's respiratory function?" What should the nurse's response include?

A nurse is providing education to parents of a child with a congenital heart defect.Select all appropriate nursing interventions for parents to promote their child's well-being.

A client has a child with a congenital heart defect and is concerned about the child's medication.What statement by the client indicates a need for further education about medication management?

A nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with Ventricular septal defect (VSD).The child presents with poor feeding, fast breathing, and sweating with exertion.Which of the following is the characteristic heart murmur associated with VSD?

A nurse is caring for an infant with cyanosis and a ventricular septal defect (VSD).The nurse should expect which of the following symptoms in this patient?

A client diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) presents with cyanosis that worsens with crying or feeding; clubbing of fingers and toes; poor feeding, weight gain, or growth; polycythemia; hypercyanotic spells (“tet spells”).What should be the nurse's immediate response?

A nurse caring for a child with a congenital heart defect is performing a physical examination.Which statement reflects an appropriate action during the assessment?

A client has a child diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and is concerned about the child's symptoms.
Which of the following symptoms are characteristic of TOF?