A client has been diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Which of the following manifestations would be expected in this client?

Dilute urine

Hypernatremia

Increased serum osmolality

Concentrated urine

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Dilute urine is not expected in SIADH, as excessive ADH promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys’ collecting ducts, leading to concentrated urine with high osmolality. Dilute urine is characteristic of diabetes insipidus, where ADH deficiency causes excessive water loss, producing large volumes of dilute urine.

Choice B reason: Hypernatremia is not a manifestation of SIADH. Excessive ADH causes water retention, diluting serum sodium and leading to hyponatremia. Hypernatremia occurs in conditions like diabetes insipidus, where water loss concentrates sodium, opposite to the fluid overload seen in SIADH.

Choice C reason: Increased serum osmolality is not typical in SIADH. Water retention due to excessive ADH dilutes serum sodium and osmol Jon the same paragraph, and the correct answer with detailed scientific rationales for each choice. The text will be in regular font, with no bold, and each question will be clearly numbered with two lines skipped after the number and one line after the question. I will avoid in-text citations and ensure scientific explanations are detailed and at least 58 words long.

Choice D reason: Concentrated urine is a hallmark of SIADH due to excessive ADH, which promotes water reabsorption in the renal collecting ducts, reducing urine volume and increasing its osmolality. This contrasts with diabetes insipidus, where dilute urine is produced, making concentrated urine a key diagnostic feature of SIADH.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Above-normal urine osmolality and below-normal serum osmolality are not consistent with diabetes insipidus. High urine osmolality suggests concentrated urine, typical in syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), where ADH is excessive. Low serum osmolality also aligns with SIADH due to water retention, not the water loss seen in diabetes insipidus.

Choice B reason: Above-normal urine and serum osmolality levels do not reflect diabetes insipidus. High urine osmolality indicates concentrated urine, which contradicts the dilute urine output of diabetes insipidus. High serum osmolality could occur with dehydration, but the combination with high urine osmolality suggests another condition, not ADH deficiency.

Choice C reason: Below-normal urine osmolality and above-normal serum osmolality are classic findings in diabetes insipidus. Arginine vasopressin (ADH) deficiency impairs water reabsorption, leading to dilute urine (low osmolality). The resulting water loss increases serum osmolality as the body becomes dehydrated, supporting the diagnosis of diabetes insipidus.

Choice D reason: Below-normal urine and serum osmolality levels are inconsistent with diabetes insipidus. Low urine osmolality occurs due to ADH deficiency, but low serum osmolality suggests water retention, as in SIADH. Diabetes insipidus causes dehydration, elevating serum osmolality, not lowering it, making this combination unlikely in this condition.

A. Take iron with or immediately after meals B. Dilute liquid preparations of iron with juice and drink with a straw C. Do not combine iron with other prescribed or over-the-counter medications D. Avoid taking iron simultaneously with an antacid

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Reasoning:

Choice A reason: Taking iron with meals reduces gastrointestinal upset but does not prevent tooth staining. Food may decrease iron absorption by binding to dietary components, but it has no direct effect on preventing contact between liquid iron preparations and teeth, which causes staining.

Choice B reason: Diluting liquid iron preparations with juice and drinking through a straw minimizes contact with teeth, preventing staining. Iron can bind to enamel, causing discoloration, and using a straw directs the solution past the teeth, reducing exposure while juice dilutes the concentration, protecting dental health.

Choice C reason: Avoiding combining iron with other medications prevents absorption interactions but does not address tooth staining. Certain drugs, like tetracycline, may interact with iron, but this is unrelated to the enamel discoloration caused by direct contact with liquid iron preparations.

Choice D reason: Avoiding antacids with iron prevents reduced absorption, as antacids increase gastric pH, impairing iron solubility. However, this does not prevent tooth staining, which occurs from direct contact of liquid iron with enamel, making this action irrelevant to the goal of dental protection.

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A client has been diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Which of the following manifestations would be expected in this client?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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