A client has been taking glipizide for 6 months and reports to the nurse that their urine has become darker since starting the medication.
What should be the nurse’s initial action?

Review the results of liver function studies.

Instruct the client to increase their water intake.

Check the client’s weight.

Test a sample of urine for the presence of occult blood.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

Dark urine can be a sign of liver dysfunction, which can be a side effect of glipizide. Therefore, reviewing the results of liver function studies would be an appropriate initial action to determine if the medication is affecting the client’s liver function.

Choice B rationale

While increasing water intake can sometimes help with certain side effects of medications, it would not address the potential issue of liver dysfunction indicated by the dark urine.

Choice C rationale

Checking the client’s weight would not provide information related to the cause of the dark urine.

Choice D rationale

Testing a sample of urine for the presence of occult blood could be useful if there was a suspicion of bleeding, but it would not address the potential issue of liver dysfunction indicated by the dark urine.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Diabetes mellitus can lead to several chronic complications, including retinopathy, which can cause blindness. Regular eye exams are crucial for early detection and treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, scheduling and keeping appointments for annual eye exams is an important part of managing diabetes.

Choice B rationale

While adequate fluid intake is generally important for overall health, it is not specifically effective in preventing kidney damage in patients with diabetes mellitus. Kidney damage in diabetes, also known as diabetic nephropathy, is caused by high blood sugar levels over time, not by dehydration.

Choice C rationale

Regular checks of cardiac enzymes are not a standard part of diabetes management. Cardiac enzymes are typically checked in the context of suspected heart disease or a heart attack, not as a routine measure in diabetes care.

Choice D rationale

While regular foot care is important in diabetes to prevent complications such as foot ulcers and infections, podiatry exams every 3 months are not typically necessary unless the patient has a history of foot problems or a high risk of foot complications.

A. Infectious agent and reservoir. B. Mode of transmission and portal of entry. C. Susceptible host and infectious agent. D. Portal of exit and mode of transmission.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

The infectious agent is the pathogen that causes the disease, and the reservoir is where the infectious agent lives and multiplies. Hand washing does not directly intervene between these two links.

Choice B rationale

The mode of transmission is how the infectious agent travels to other people and places, and the portal of entry is the route by which an infectious agent enters a new host. Hand washing does not directly intervene between these two links.

Choice C rationale

The susceptible host is a person who is vulnerable to the disease, and the infectious agent is the pathogen that causes the disease. Hand washing does not directly intervene between these two links.

Choice D rationale

The portal of exit is the route by which an infectious agent escapes or leaves the reservoir, and the mode of transmission is how the infectious agent travels to other people and places. Hand washing directly intervenes between these two links by removing the infectious agent from the hands (portal of exit) and preventing its transmission to other people or surfaces.

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A client has been taking glipizide for 6 months and reports to the nurse that their urine has become darker since starting the medication. What should be the nurse’s initial action?

Choice A rationale

Choice B rationale

Choice C rationale

Choice D rationale

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is educating a patient with diabetes mellitus about the chronic complications associated with the disease. What information should be included in the teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Choice B rationale

Choice C rationale

Choice D rationale

The nurse is teaching a patient to wash their hands after using the bathroom as an attempt to break the chain of infection. Between which two links in the chain of infection does this action intervene?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Choice B rationale

Choice C rationale

Choice D rationale

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A client has been taking glipizide for 6 months and reports to the nurse that their urine has become darker since starting the medication.
What should be the nurse’s initial action?