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A client is admitted to an inpatient unit with a diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia. Which of the following aspects of a medical history would the nurse expect to see with this client? (Select All that Apply.)

Changes to behavior and personality

Past history of head trauma

Impaired judgment

Muscle stiffness and shuffling gait

Diagnosis of hypertension

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D

Choices A, C, and D: Changes to behavior and personality, Impaired judgment, Muscle stiffness and shuffling gait.

Choice A Reason:

Changes to behavior and personality are hallmark symptoms of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). This condition primarily affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, which are responsible for behavior, personality, and language. Patients often exhibit socially inappropriate behaviors, apathy, and a decline in personal hygiene. These changes are among the earliest and most noticeable symptoms of FTD.

Choice B Reason:

While a past history of head trauma can be a risk factor for various types of dementia, it is not specifically associated with frontotemporal dementia. FTD is more commonly linked to genetic factors and specific protein abnormalities in the brain. Therefore, a history of head trauma is not a typical aspect of the medical history for FTD patients.

Choice C Reason:

Impaired judgment is a common symptom of frontotemporal dementia. The degeneration of the frontal lobes affects executive functions, including decision-making, problem-solving, and judgment. Patients may make poor decisions, exhibit risky behaviors, and have difficulty understanding the consequences of their actions.

Choice D Reason:

Muscle stiffness and a shuffling gait can occur in some forms of frontotemporal dementia, particularly in cases where the condition overlaps with motor neuron disease or Parkinsonism. These physical symptoms are less common than behavioral and cognitive symptoms but can still be present in some patients.

Choice E Reason:

A diagnosis of hypertension is not specifically related to frontotemporal dementia. While hypertension is a common condition that can coexist with any form of dementia, it is not a characteristic feature of FTD. The primary symptoms of FTD are related to changes in behavior, personality, and cognitive functions rather than vascular issues.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Uses relaxation techniques for stress reduction.

Using relaxation techniques for stress reduction is generally considered safe and beneficial. Techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, and progressive muscle relaxation can help reduce stress and anxiety without significant risks. Therefore, this information does not require immediate investigation.

Choice B Reason:

Expresses an interest in yoga to improve flexibility.

Expressing an interest in yoga to improve flexibility is also generally safe and beneficial. Yoga can enhance physical flexibility, strength, and mental well-being. Unless the client has specific health conditions that might be affected by certain yoga poses, this information does not require immediate investigation.

Choice C Reason:

Has tried acupressure for pain relief several years ago.

Trying acupressure for pain relief several years ago is not typically a cause for concern. Acupressure is a non-invasive therapy that can help alleviate pain and promote relaxation. Since it was used in the past and not currently, it does not require immediate investigation.

Choice D Reason:

Has been using herbal supplements without consulting a healthcare provider.

This is the correct response. Using herbal supplements without consulting a healthcare provider can be risky because some supplements can interact with prescribed medications or have side effects. It is crucial for the nurse to investigate this information immediately to ensure the client’s safety and prevent potential adverse effects.

A. Flumazenil B. Chlorpromazine C. Lithium carbonate D. Methadone

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepines like diazepam. It works by competitively inhibiting the action of benzodiazepines at the GABA receptor, thereby reversing sedation and other effects. Flumazenil is typically administered in cases of benzodiazepine overdose to counteract the sedative effects and restore normal respiratory function. However, it should be used cautiously as it can precipitate withdrawal and seizures in patients with long-term benzodiazepine use.

Choice B Reason:

Chlorpromazine is an antipsychotic medication primarily used to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. It is not indicated for the treatment of benzodiazepine overdose. Chlorpromazine works by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, which helps to manage symptoms of psychosis but does not counteract the effects of benzodiazepines. Therefore, it would not be an appropriate choice in this scenario.

Choice C Reason:

Lithium carbonate is a mood stabilizer commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. It helps to reduce the severity and frequency of mania and can also help to relieve or prevent bipolar depression. Lithium does not have any antagonistic effects on benzodiazepines and is not used in the treatment of benzodiazepine overdose. Thus, it would not be the correct medication to administer in this case.

Choice D Reason:

Methadone is a long-acting opioid used for pain management and as part of medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder. It works by binding to the same receptors in the brain as other opioids, helping to reduce withdrawal symptoms and cravings. Methadone does not counteract the effects of benzodiazepines and is not used in the treatment of benzodiazepine overdose. Therefore, it would not be an appropriate choice in this scenario.

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A client is admitted to an inpatient unit with a diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia. Which of the following aspects of a medical history would the nurse expect to see with this client? (Select All that Apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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