A client is admitted to the hospital with suspected acute renal failure. What initial assessment finding should the nurse anticipate in this client?
Elevated blood pressure and increased urine output.
Low blood pressure and decreased urine output.
No changes in blood pressure and stable urine output.
High blood sugar levels and frequent urination.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Incorrect. Elevated blood pressure is not typically an initial assessment finding in acute renal failure. In fact, it is more common to see low blood pressure (hypotension) due to decreased blood flow to the kidneys.
B. Correct. One of the hallmark manifestations of acute renal failure is decreased urine output (oliguriA. or even no urine output (anuriA. . This is often accompanied by low blood pressure as a result of decreased kidney function.
C. Incorrect. Acute renal failure usually leads to changes in blood pressure and urine output. Stable blood pressure and urine output are not typical initial assessment findings in this condition.
D. Incorrect. High blood sugar levels and frequent urination are not directly related to acute renal failure. These symptoms are more characteristic of diabetes mellitus.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Incorrect. Acute renal failure is not a chronic condition; it is an acute condition that develops rapidly and is typically reversible with prompt treatment.
B. Incorrect. While long-term uncontrolled diabetes can lead to chronic kidney disease, acute renal failure is not caused by chronic kidney damage related to diabetes.
C. Correct. Acute renal failure, also known as acute kidney injury (AKI), is characterized by a sudden and temporary loss of kidney function. It is often caused by factors such as decreased blood flow to the kidneys, kidney damage, or obstruction of the urinary tract.
D. Incorrect. While the statement is partially true, it does not capture the acute and sudden nature of acute renal failure. The inability of the kidneys to filter waste products from the blood is one of the manifestations of AKI.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Correct. Dehydration is a significant risk factor for prerenal acute renal failure. Insufficient fluid intake or excessive fluid loss (e.g., vomiting, diarrheA. can lead to decreased blood volume and decreased blood flow to the kidneys, impairing kidney function.
B. Incorrect. A UTI can cause kidney injury but is not specifically associated with prerenal acute renal failure.
C. Incorrect. Chronic kidney disease (CKD. is a risk factor for the development of intrinsic acute renal failure, but it is not directly related to prerenal causes.
D. Incorrect. Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease, but it is not a specific risk factor for prerenal acute renal failure.
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