A nurse is caring for a client with acute renal failure who has elevated serum creatinine levels. What is the significance of elevated creatinine levels in this client?
Elevated creatinine levels indicate dehydration and fluid deficit.
Elevated creatinine levels suggest kidney function is normal.
Elevated creatinine levels are a reliable indicator of acute kidney injury.
Elevated creatinine levels are only seen in chronic kidney disease.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Incorrect. Elevated creatinine levels are not specific to dehydration and fluid deficit, although dehydration can contribute to prerenal acute renal failure.
B. Incorrect. Elevated creatinine levels do not suggest normal kidney function. Instead, they indicate impaired kidney function and acute kidney injury.
C. Correct. Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscles and excreted by the kidneys. Elevated creatinine levels are a reliable indicator of acute kidney injury and impaired kidney function.
D. Incorrect. Elevated creatinine levels can be seen in both acute and chronic kidney diseases, but they are not exclusively seen in chronic kidney disease.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Incorrect. While fluid restriction may be necessary in certain cases of acute renal failure, it should be prescribed and monitored by the healthcare provider based on the client's specific needs.
B. Incorrect. A high-protein diet can put additional strain on the kidneys, and it is not recommended for clients with acute renal failure.
C. Incorrect. Over-the-counter diuretics may not be safe for clients with acute renal failure and can lead to further electrolyte imbalances.
D. Correct. The nurse's best response is to encourage the client to follow their healthcare provider's instructions and avoid medications that may harm the kidneys. Compliance with prescribed treatment plans and avoiding nephrotoxic medications are essential to support kidney function and prevent further damage.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Correct. Erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) are commonly used to treat anemia in clients with renal failure. These medications stimulate the production of red blood cells and help manage anemia associated with kidney dysfunction.
B. Incorrect. Anticoagulants such as heparin are not used to treat anemia; they are prescribed to prevent blood clotting and thrombosis.
C. Incorrect. Loop diuretics are used to promote diuresis and manage fluid overload in clients with acute renal failure; they do not treat anemia.
D. Incorrect. Antihypertensive agents are prescribed to manage hypertension and do not treat anemia in clients with renal failure.
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