A client with acute renal failure has a history of cardiovascular disease and is on multiple antihypertensive medications. Which antihypertensive medication class is most likely to contribute to prerenal acute renal failure?

A. Incorrect. Decreased blood volume and hypovolemia may contribute to prerenal acute renal failure, but they are not the primary pathophysiological processes that lead to edema in acute renal failure.

B. Incorrect. Increased vascular permeability and leakage of fluid into tissues are not the primary mechanisms of edema in acute renal failure.

C. Correct. In acute renal failure, the impaired filtration and reduced excretion of fluid by the kidneys lead to fluid retention and edema in various parts of the body.

D. Incorrect. Excessive fluid intake and fluid overload may contribute to fluid retention and edema in prerenal acute renal failure, but they are not the primary pathophysiological process in acute renal failure.

A. Correct. Encouraging the client to perform active range-of-motion exercises can help prevent complications of immobility, such as muscle wasting and joint contractures.

B. Incorrect. Elevating the head of the bed primarily benefits respiratory function and does not directly address the complications of immobility.

C. Incorrect. Limiting fluid intake would not prevent complications of immobility and may lead to dehydration.

D. Incorrect. Administering pain medication before passive range-of-motion exercises is not a standard practice and does not directly prevent complications of immobility.