A client is diagnosed with bipolar disorder and is currently experiencing a hypomanic episode. Select all the symptoms that could be present during a hypomanic episode.
Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity.
Marked impairment in social functioning.
Decreased need for sleep.
Flight of ideas and racing thoughts.
Psychotic features like delusions.
Correct Answer : A,C,D
Choice A rationale:
Correct Choice Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity is a symptom commonly present during hypomanic episodes. Individuals experiencing a hypomanic episode often have an exaggerated sense of self-importance, believe they possess special abilities or talents, and may engage in grandiose plans.
Choice B rationale:
Marked impairment in social functioning is not a typical symptom of hypomanic episodes. While individuals in a hypomanic state may exhibit increased sociability, their social functioning is generally not impaired to the extent that it would be considered a defining characteristic of this episode. Hypomania is often associated with increased productivity and a generally positive mood.
Choice C rationale:
Correct Choice Decreased need for sleep is a symptom seen in hypomanic episodes. Individuals may feel rested with significantly less sleep than usual, yet they remain energetic and highly active. This is in contrast to depressive episodes where individuals often experience increased sleep and fatigue.
Choice D rationale:
Correct Choice Flight of ideas and racing thoughts are common symptoms of hypomanic episodes. Individuals may experience a rapid flow of thoughts, jumping from one idea to another quickly, and find it challenging to keep their thoughts focused on a single topic.
Choice E rationale:
Psychotic features like delusions are not typically associated with hypomanic episodes. Delusions are more commonly seen in severe manic episodes or mixed episodes where features of both mania and depression coexist.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Dairy products, in general, do not have a significant interaction with TCAs (Tricyclic Antidepressants). The concern with dairy products is usually related to their interaction with certain antibiotics. Therefore, avoiding dairy products is not necessary for someone taking TCAs.
Choice B rationale:
Fresh fruits do not have a notable interaction with TCAs. In fact, a diet rich in fresh fruits can be beneficial for overall health. There is no need to advise avoiding fresh fruits due to TCA use.
Choice C rationale:
(Correct Choice) Aged cheese should be avoided when taking TCAs. Aged cheeses, such as cheddar, blue cheese, and parmesan, contain tyramine, which can lead to a hypertensive crisis when consumed along with TCAs. This interaction is a result of the monoamine oxidase inhibitory effects of TCAs, which can lead to elevated levels of tyramine in the bloodstream.
Choice D rationale:
Leafy vegetables do not have a significant interaction with TCAs. Leafy vegetables are generally considered healthy and are not contraindicated when taking these medications. Therefore, there is no need for the client to avoid leafy vegetables due to TCA use.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Cognitive abilities, memory, and attention are important cognitive functions to assess in patients with bipolar disorder. However, when addressing aggressive behavior and impulsivity, the focus should be on observing and documenting behavioral aspects rather than cognitive functions. These cognitive functions might be affected, but they are not the primary aspects of interest in this context.
Choice B rationale:
The patient's mood state and affect are indeed important considerations, especially in the context of bipolar disorder. However, the question specifically asks about aggressive behavior and impulsivity. While mood and affect might influence behavior, they are not the same as behavior. Choice D directly addresses the aspects of behavior relevant to the situation.
Choice C rationale:
Physical height and weight are not directly relevant to the assessment of aggressive behavior and impulsivity in a client with bipolar disorder. These measurements are more related to physical health rather than the behavioral or psychosocial aspects of the patient's presentation.
Choice D rationale:
This is the correct choice. Aggressive behavior and impulsivity are behavioral manifestations that can provide important insights into the patient's mental state and psychosocial functioning. Observing and documenting activity level, speech pattern, and self-care behaviors can help understand the extent and nature of these behaviors, which are relevant to the client's bipolar disorder diagnosis.
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