A client is diagnosed with bipolar disorder and is currently experiencing a hypomanic episode. Select all the symptoms that could be present during a hypomanic episode.
Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity.
Marked impairment in social functioning.
Decreased need for sleep.
Flight of ideas and racing thoughts.
Psychotic features like delusions.
Correct Answer : A,C,D
Choice A rationale:
Correct Choice Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity is a symptom commonly present during hypomanic episodes. Individuals experiencing a hypomanic episode often have an exaggerated sense of self-importance, believe they possess special abilities or talents, and may engage in grandiose plans.
Choice B rationale:
Marked impairment in social functioning is not a typical symptom of hypomanic episodes. While individuals in a hypomanic state may exhibit increased sociability, their social functioning is generally not impaired to the extent that it would be considered a defining characteristic of this episode. Hypomania is often associated with increased productivity and a generally positive mood.
Choice C rationale:
Correct Choice Decreased need for sleep is a symptom seen in hypomanic episodes. Individuals may feel rested with significantly less sleep than usual, yet they remain energetic and highly active. This is in contrast to depressive episodes where individuals often experience increased sleep and fatigue.
Choice D rationale:
Correct Choice Flight of ideas and racing thoughts are common symptoms of hypomanic episodes. Individuals may experience a rapid flow of thoughts, jumping from one idea to another quickly, and find it challenging to keep their thoughts focused on a single topic.
Choice E rationale:
Psychotic features like delusions are not typically associated with hypomanic episodes. Delusions are more commonly seen in severe manic episodes or mixed episodes where features of both mania and depression coexist.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
The correct answer is A, "Orientation, memory, and attention." Impaired judgment and poor insight can be indicative of cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder. Assessing orientation (awareness of time, place, and person), memory (short-term and long-term memory abilities), and attention (ability to focus and concentrate) can provide insights into cognitive deficits that may be contributing to impaired judgment.
Choice B rationale:
"Physical vital signs and laboratory tests" are essential assessments, but they are not directly related to the cognitive abilities of the client. They focus on physiological aspects rather than cognitive functioning.
Choice C rationale:
"Coherence, logic, and continuity of thought" are aspects of thought processes, not cognitive abilities like memory and attention. These are more relevant to assessing thought disorders or psychosis.
Choice D rationale:
"Signs of confusion, disorientation, and amnesia" are relevant to cognitive assessment, but this choice does not cover the breadth of cognitive abilities encompassed by choice A.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
While mood stabilizers are often used in combination with antidepressants for individuals with bipolar disorder, it's not an absolute requirement that antidepressants always be used alongside mood stabilizers. The choice to combine these medications depends on the individual's specific presentation and needs.
Choice B rationale:
Antidepressants can induce or worsen manic or hypomanic symptoms in individuals with bipolar disorder. This phenomenon is known as "switching" and can lead to a rapid shift from a depressive state to a manic or hypomanic state. Therefore, careful consideration is needed when prescribing antidepressants to individuals with bipolar disorder to avoid triggering manic episodes.
Choice C rationale:
Antidepressants are not the primary treatment for acute manic episodes in bipolar disorder. Antipsychotic medications and mood stabilizers are more commonly used to address the manic symptoms and stabilize the individual's mood during such episodes.
Choice D rationale:
Antidepressants, like all medications, have the potential for causing side effects. They can lead to a range of adverse effects, including gastrointestinal symptoms, changes in sleep patterns, and sexual dysfunction, among others. Monitoring for and managing these potential side effects is important in providing comprehensive care to individuals taking antidepressants.
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