A client is prescribed diazepam, a Schedule IV medication, for anxiety. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid which of the following substances while taking this medication?

Grapefruit juice

Coffee

Water

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Correct answer: a) Grapefruit juice

Rationale: Grapefruit juice can inhibit the metabolism of diazepam, a benzodiazepine that acts on the central nervous system to reduce anxiety and induce sedation. This can increase the blood levels and effects of diazepam, which can lead to excessive sedation, respiratory depression, and overdose. The client should avoid grapefruit juice and other citrus fruits while taking this medication.

Incorrect choices:

b) Milk: Milk does not interact with diazepam and can be consumed safely while taking this medication.

c) Coffee: Coffee does not interact with diazepam and can be consumed safely while taking this medication. However, caffeine can have a stimulant effect that may counteract the sedative effect of diazepam.

d) Water: Water does not interact with diazepam and can be consumed safely while taking this medication. In fact, the client should drink plenty of water to prevent dehydration and maintain renal function.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Correct answer: c) The medication should be tapered off gradually to avoid withdrawal symptoms.

Rationale: Zolpidem is a sedative-hypnotic medication that acts on the central nervous system to induce sleep. It has a low potential for abuse and dependence, but it can still cause withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, insomnia, and seizures if discontinued abruptly. Therefore, the medication should be tapered off gradually under the supervision of a prescriber.

Incorrect choices:

a) The medication should be taken only as needed for sleep.: Zolpidem should be taken regularly as prescribed for short-term treatment of insomnia, not on an as-needed basis.

b) The medication should be taken with food to enhance absorption.: Zolpidem should be taken on an empty stomach to facilitate its onset of action, which is within 15 to 30 minutes.

d) The medication should be avoided if the client has a history of substance abuse.: Although zolpidem has a low potential for abuse and dependence, it can still interact with other substances such as alcohol, opioids, and benzodiazepines, which can increase the risk of respiratory depression and overdose. Therefore, the client should inform the prescriber of any history of substance abuse and use Zolpidem with caution.

A. Naloxone B. Flumazenil C. Acetylcysteine D. Physostigmine

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Correct answer: a) Naloxone

Rationale: Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that binds to opioid receptors and displaces opioids from them, thereby reversing their effects. It is used as an antidote for opioid overdose and can rapidly restore respiration and consciousness.

Incorrect choices:

b) Flumazenil: This is a benzodiazepine antagonist that reverses the effects of benzodiazepines, not opioids.

c) Acetylcysteine: This is an antidote for acetaminophen overdose, not opioid overdose.

d) Physostigmine: This is an antidote for anticholinergic overdose, not opioid overdose.

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A client is prescribed diazepam, a Schedule IV medication, for anxiety. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid which of the following substances while taking this medication?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching a client who has insomnia about zolpidem, a Schedule IV medication. The nurse should include which of the following information in the teaching?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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