A client is taking medications that include digoxin, baby aspirin, K-Dur, and Lasix. The client complains of muscle cramps and facial tics. The nurse discovers the client has positive Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs, has hypotension, and is confused. If the client is exhibiting signs of hypomagnesemia, which of these findings would the nurse also expect the client to exhibit?
elevated serum calcium and potassium levels
decreased serum calcium and potassium levels
impaired acid-base balance
bradycardia and cardiac dysrhythmias
The Correct Answer is B
A. Elevated serum calcium and potassium levels: Hypomagnesemia typically causes decreased calcium levels, not elevated. Additionally, while magnesium helps maintain potassium levels, hypomagnesemia can lead to a drop in potassium, not an elevation.
B. Decreased serum calcium and potassium levels: Hypomagnesemia often leads to low calcium levels due to decreased parathyroid hormone secretion and can cause hypokalemia due to impaired potassium uptake in the kidneys.
C. Impaired acid-base balance: Hypomagnesemia itself does not cause significant acid-base imbalance. It’s more likely to cause electrolyte disturbances especially calcium and potassium, which can lead to arrhythmias, acid-base imbalance is not the primary concern.
D. Bradycardia and cardiac dysrhythmias: While hypomagnesemia can indeed cause cardiac dysrhythmias, a common manifestation is tachycardia rapid heart rate and certain types of arrhythmias like Torsades de Pointes, rather than bradycardia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Osmosis: Osmosis is the process of moving water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of lower particle concentration (lower solute concentration) to an area of higher particle concentration (higher solute concentration). This is a passive process and doesn’t require energy.
B. Filtration: Filtration is the process by which fluid and solutes are forced through a membrane by hydrostatic pressure, from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure.
C. Diffusion: Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, not specifically involving water or particle concentration differences.
D. Active transport: Active transport requires energy to move particles against a concentration gradient (from lower to higher concentration). This process differs from osmosis, which is a passive process.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Decreased CO2: Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is an accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2), not a decrease. Decreased CO2 would lead to respiratory alkalosis, not acidosis.
B. Overproduction of hydrogen ions: While the overproduction of hydrogen ions can lead to acidosis, this is typically seen in metabolic acidosis, not respiratory acidosis. In respiratory acidosis, the issue is related to CO2 retention, not hydrogen ion production.
C. Hyperventilation: Hyperventilation leads to the exhalation of excessive CO2, which would decrease CO2 levels in the blood. This results in respiratory alkalosis, not acidosis.
D. Retention of CO2: Respiratory acidosis occurs when the lungs are unable to exhale enough CO2, leading to its retention in the blood. This increased CO2 concentration causes a decrease in pH, resulting in respiratory acidosis.
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