A patient has dehydration. While planning care, the nurse considers that the majority of the patient's total water volume exists in which compartment?
Intracellular
Extracellular
Intravascular
Transcellular
The Correct Answer is A
A. Intracellular: The majority of the body's total water volume is contained within the intracellular compartment, which makes up about 2/3 total body water. Intracellular fluid is essential for cellular function, and any depletion here contributes significantly to dehydration.
B. Extracellular: While extracellular fluid (ECF) accounts for about one-third of total body water, it is not the compartment that holds the majority. ECF includes interstitial fluid, blood plasma, and lymph, but intracellular fluid still holds a larger proportion.
C. Intravascular: Intravascular fluid is a subset of extracellular fluid, specifically the fluid found within blood vessels. It makes up a smaller portion of total body water and is primarily involved in transporting nutrients and waste.
D. Transcellular: Transcellular fluid is a small compartment of extracellular fluid, including fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, and ocular fluid. It represents a very small fraction of total body water.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Blood pressure decrease from 180/72 mm Hg to 144/50 mm Hg: ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which helps relax blood vessels and reduce blood pressure. This is the expected therapeutic effect of ACE inhibitors.
B. Daily weight increase from 55 kg to 57 kg: Increase in daily weight could indicate fluid retention, which is not the intended therapeutic effect of ACE inhibitors. These medications are often prescribed to reduce fluid retention, particularly in conditions like heart failure.
C. Heart rate decrease from 100 beats/min to 82 beats/min: ACE inhibitors primarily affect blood pressure regulation and fluid balance. A decrease in heart rate may occur with other types of medications (e.g., beta-blockers) but is not a primary effect of ACE inhibitors.
D. Respiratory rate increase from 12 breaths/min to 15 breaths/min: ACE inhibitors do not influence respiratory rate. Respiratory rate changes would be more related to respiratory conditions or other medications, not to the pharmacological effects of ACE inhibitors.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Chronic alcoholism: Chronic alcoholism is strongly associated with decreased magnesium levels. Alcohol can lead to magnesium depletion due to poor dietary intake, increased renal excretion, and impaired magnesium absorption.
B. Renal failure: Renal failure typically leads to an increase in magnesium levels because the kidneys are unable to excrete it effectively. Therefore, renal failure is more commonly associated with hypermagnesemia, not hypomagnesemia.
C. Addison's disease: Addison's disease is primarily related to adrenal insufficiency, affecting sodium, potassium, and cortisol levels, but it does not typically result in decreased magnesium levels. Hypomagnesemia is not a hallmark of Addison's disease.
D. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus: Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to electrolyte imbalances, including potassium and sodium, but it is not directly linked to magnesium deficiency. Although magnesium loss can occur in DKA, it is not as strongly associated with diabetes as it is with chronic alcoholism.
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